Tree crown size as a measure of tree biosocial position in 135-year-old oak (<i>Quercus</i> L.) stand

Kaźmierczak, Katarzyna; Zawieja, Bogna

doi:10.1515/ffp-2016-0004

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Our study expands the results of previously conducted research, i.e. by Bechtold (2003), Nigh and Love (2004), and Kaźmierczak and Zawieja (2016). It also brings a new light to forestry practice as the crown class assessment is of great importance in silviculture.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…DBH, H, and CPA, were selected for the model. The analysis showed a quite clear division (Kaźmierczak andZawieja 2016, Zawieja andKaźmierczak 2016). However, the discriminatory methods forced prior knowledge of the field-assigned crown class.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It is worth mentioning that so far, a few studies have used similar statistical methods, e.g. Bechtold 2003, Zawieja and Kaźmierczak 2015, 2016. Such an attempt derives from practical difficulties in biosocial class assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nigh and Love (2004) used the diameter at breast height, the height of tree, and the length of the crown together with light model tRAYci to predict crown classes. Similar traits with additional variables such as slenderness, height increment, tree basal area, and field crown projection area were also tested in the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and nonlinear kernel discriminant analysis (NKDA) (Zawieja and Kaźmierczak 2015, 2016, Kaźmierczak and Zawieja 2016. However, those analyses required prior knowledge of crown classes at least for a sample group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of measurable traits of trunk and crown to assess the biosocial classes of oak trees (Quercus robur L.)

et al. 2021

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The crown class assessment is a key element in forestry practice. It is a traditional method that finds application in thinning plans, assessment of site index, tree competition, or crown condition. Assigning trees into a given class is done during field surveys and requires precision and experience to avoid inaccuracy. Therefore, Kraft’s system has often been criticized and modified. Thus, in our study, we aimed to analyse whether the directly measured traits of trunk and crown of oak trees (Quercus robur L.) can be applied to crown class assessment. For this purpose, we used the principal component analysis (PCA) and nonlinear kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) based on measurable traits of trunk and crown, i.e., the height of the tree, the diameter at breast height, the length of the crown, and the field crown projection area. In total, we measured 286 mature trees in three oak stands located in western Poland. Results indicate that all chosen traits of trunk and crown allowed, though not always perfect, to assign the trees into given crown classes. The greatest contribution to crown class distinction had the diameter at breast height and the parameters of crown, i.e., and the field crown projection area. Furthermore, results show that the best method of assigning the trees into biosocial classes is the KPCA Gauss, considering the percentage explanation of the total variability, and KPCA Laplace, considering the visual division. In the latter, the multivariate analysis resulted in a similar crown class assignment as the field-assigned method. However, its application requires measurements that make it neither cheaper nor faster than a traditional crown class assessment. It indicates that a traditional field-assigned method, despite its subjectivity, should continue to be of great importance in forestry practice. Moreover, the alternative traits of trunk and crown can be a potentially useful statistical substitute for crown class assessment. Keywords: crown class, oak stand, trunk and crown traits, multivariate methods

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of measurable traits of trunk and crown to assess the biosocial classes of oak trees (Quercus robur L.)

et al. 2021

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“…Particular measures of area required for the trees to grow were analysed and determined in the pine tree stands by Kaźmierczak (2009Kaźmierczak ( , 2010Kaźmierczak ( , 2012 and in larch tree stands by Kaźmierczak and others (2010). The size of crown was proposed as the biosocial measurement of trees in the 135-year-old oak tree stand by Kaźmierczak and Zawieja (2016). In turn, the growth of common birch bark was undertaken by Bruchwald (2000, 2005), who distinguished and described three stages of the tree crown development: youth phase, adult phase and elderly stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between height and crown characteristics of four-year-old common birch (Betula pendula Roth)

Klepacki¹

2017

Forest Research Papers

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Abstract. This paper presents the results of an analysis on characteristics of birch crowns (Betula pendula roth) in relation to measures of the growth space occupied by a single tree at a young age. It also presents the relationships between the seedling height and certain crown characteristics.The study focused on four-year-old common birches growing in four different areas in the Elk Forest District in either fresh mixed coniferous or broadleaved forest. The measurements conducted on the chosen trees were used to calculate their crown characteristics such as crown diameter, length, height to the crown base, relative length and spread. They were also used to determine the growth characteristics of a single tree's growth space, such as the crown area projected onto the ground, single tree space and the percentage use of unit area. Furthermore, fresh and dry leaf mass was determined.The birches growing in the fresh mixed coniferous forest reached an average height of 1.30 m, whereas in the fresh mixed broadleaved forest, the height of the trees was lower and amounted to 0.67 m. 95% of the trees had crown diameters of 0.57 m to 0.74 m in the fresh mixed coniferous forest, but only 0.19 m to 0.25 m in the fresh mixed broadleaved forest. The average lengths of the crowns in the fresh mixed coniferous and broadleaved forests amounted to 0.97 m and 0.37 m respectively.The author shows that there is a statistically significant correlation between the seedling height and the other examined characteristics. The best correlation was found between the height and the length of the crown (r = 0.9858) for birches growing in the fresh mixed coniferous forest and between the height and single tree space (r = 0.8468) for birches growing in the fresh mixed broadleaved forest.

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The Relative Importance of Crown Position and Vigor in Determining the Growth and Mortality of Sugar Maple Trees

Cecil-Cockwell,

Caspersen

2023

Forest Science

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In northern hardwood forests, selection silviculture aims to remove low-vigor trees that are likely to die or grow slowly to increase the growth of the remaining high-vigor trees, particularly those afforded more exposure to direct light. However, few studies have quantified the relative importance of crown position and vigor in determining growth and mortality. In this article, we did so for the most common species, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and we quantified the difference in growth and mortality between each of four crown classes to determine whether fewer classes can be used to describe competition-related variation in growth. Our results show that mortality is primarily determined by vigor, competition reduces growth more than the defects used to assess vigor, and there is only a modest difference in growth between dominant and co-dominant trees, indicating that these two classes can be merged because they are effectively released, unlike trees that are surrounded by competitors. Based on these results, we conclude that stand improvement should not be prioritized over crown spacing, and that tree markers should release surrounded trees to whatever extent possible, including as many trees as possible and low-vigor trees where necessary.

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Tree crown size as a measure of tree biosocial position in 135-year-old oak (Quercus L.) stand

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

The use of measurable traits of trunk and crown to assess the biosocial classes of oak trees (Quercus robur L.)

The use of measurable traits of trunk and crown to assess the biosocial classes of oak trees (Quercus robur L.)

The relationship between height and crown characteristics of four-year-old common birch (Betula pendula Roth)

The Relative Importance of Crown Position and Vigor in Determining the Growth and Mortality of Sugar Maple Trees

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