Tree-cavity availability and selection by a large-bodied secondary cavity-nester: the Military Macaw

Parra-Martínez, Sylvia Margarita de la; Renton, Katherine; Salinas-Melgoza, Alejandro; Muñoz-Lacy, Luis Guillermo

doi:10.1007/s10336-014-1150-9

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This contrasts with the behavior of the larger Military Macaw (Ara militaris) which uses nest cavities in Enterolobium cyclocarpum more than expected based on the availability of accessible cavities in this tree species (de la Parra-Martínez et al 2015). This suggests that the structural characteristics of tree species may influence their use as nest sites, with parrots selecting large, emergent canopy trees for nesting (Stojanovic et al 2012;de la Parra-Martínez et al 2015). Therefore, whether parrots select a specific tree species for nesting or whether they use nesting trees according to the availability of cavities in those tree species may depend on the specific nest-cavity requirements of each parrot species, particularly for those species that require large cavities, and on the structural characteristics of available tree species.…”

Section: Nest Site Requirements Of Parrotsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Nest Site Requirements Of Parrotsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Likewise, both the Swift Parrot (Lathamus discolor) and Military Macaw select nest cavities in larger trees, at a greater height above the ground, and of greater depth (Stojanovic et al 2012;de la ParraMartínez et al 2015). There may also be a trade-off in the criteria used for nest site selection where, as in the case of the Military Macaw (de la Parra-Martínez et al 2015), the preference may be for high cavities regardless of other characteristics, but where cavities lower to the ground are used, then other selection criteria, such as depth or entrance diameter, may have greater importance. Hence, largebodied secondary cavity-nesters such as macaws, large parrots, and cockatoos may be constrained to use large cavities, as noted by the large mean internal and entrance diameters of nest sites used by these species, possibly at the cost of selection for other cavity criteria.…”

Section: Do Parrots Select Nest Sites Based On Cavity Characteristics?mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In the case of parrots, the few studies that have measured a suite of available cavity characteristics all demonstrate that parrots select nest cavities based on a few key criteria (Snyder et al 1987;Enkerlin-Hoeflich 1995;Stojanovic et al 2012;de la Parra-Martínez et al 2015). The Puerto Rican Parrot (Amazona vittata) selects large, deep cavities as nest sites (Snyder et al 1987), and three Amazon parrot species in northeastern Mexico select nest cavities in larger support structures, at a greater height above the ground, and with a narrower entrance length compared to available cavities (Enkerlin-Hoeflich 1995).…”

Section: Do Parrots Select Nest Sites Based On Cavity Characteristics?mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Within those areas, parrots may use tree species which provide the greatest availability of cavities suitable for nesting (Snyder et al 1987;Enkerlin-Hoeflich 1995;Rodriguez-Castillo and Eberhard 2006). Parrots may then select the cavities highest above the ground and use additional criteria such as entrance diameter and depth (Snyder et al 1987;Enkerlin-Hoeflich 1995;Stojanovic et al 2012;de la Parra-Martínez et al 2015) to refine selection to those cavities most likely to be successful. However, to date no studies have tested whether Psittaciformes exhibit adaptive nest site selection.…”

Section: Could Nest Site Selection By Psittaciformes Be Adaptive?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resource requirements of parrots: nest site selectivity and dietary plasticity of Psittaciformes

et al. 2015

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Parrots (Order Psittaciformes) are secondary cavity-nesters that depend on existing cavities for nest sites, and consume plant resources of fruits, seeds, and flowers that are highly variable, but little is known of resource selectivity by parrots, or how they deal with variable environments. We reviewed published studies of nest-cavity use by parrots, and those evaluating parrot diet and their relationship with food resources. Most studies have been conducted within the last 20 years and these present data on resource use for only one-third of parrot species worldwide. However, basic information on resource requirements is lacking for the vast majority of Psittaciformes, particularly for species from the Asian region. Nesting studies have found that parrots use nest cavities in large trees, high above the ground, with large nest chambers, of 0.5-1 m deep, and entrance diameters related to body size of the parrot species. A few studies demonstrate that parrots select nest sites based on cavity characteristics, which may influence nest success, but a complete evaluation of adaptive nest site selection by Psittaciformes is lacking. Parrots have varied diets and may employ a combination of strategies of diet switching, habitat shifts, and movements to track food resources. This plasticity in diet and foraging strategy may influence the extent to which parrots can respond to anthropogenic pressures of global change. Parrots may also play an important functional role in forest ecosystems, yet little is currently known of plant-animal interactions of parrots, or the impact of parrot populations on forest dynamics. Based on our review of the literature, we suggest that to meet their resource requirements, parrots employ resource selection strategies of hierarchical nest site selection to increase the likelihood of nest success, and plasticity in diet and foraging strategy to track variable food resources. Future studies need to evaluate resource selection and the consequences of this for fitness in order to assess the potential impacts of global change on parrot populations, and to identify characteristics which make species vulnerable to human pressures.

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Section: Nest Site Requirements Of Parrotsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Nest Site Requirements Of Parrotsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Do Parrots Select Nest Sites Based On Cavity Characteristics?mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Do Parrots Select Nest Sites Based On Cavity Characteristics?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Could Nest Site Selection By Psittaciformes Be Adaptive?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resource requirements of parrots: nest site selectivity and dietary plasticity of Psittaciformes

et al. 2015

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Dynamics of nest availability occurrence of Blue and Yellow Macaw (Ara ararauna) nests in the urban area of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul

Calderan

Appel²,

Pereira³

et al. 2023

Urban Ecosyst

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Microsites and structures used by fishers (Pekania pennanti) in the southern Sierra Nevada: A comparison of forest elements used for daily resting relative to reproduction

Green

Purcell

Thompson

et al. 2019

Forest Ecology and Management

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Many wildlife species rely on unique features of trees during daily activities and fundamental parts of their life cycle. The fisher (Pekania pennanti) is a forest-dwelling carnivore of conservation concern in western North America that uses unique habitat elements as refuges during resting bouts and for reproduction. Prior to this study, little was known about the fine-scale habitat used during reproduction at the southernmost extent of the fisher's range. Between 2007 and 2015, we attached radio-collars to 55 male and 72 female fishers in the southern Sierra Nevada and documented resting locations of males on 216 occasions (196 structures) and females on 824 occasions (737 structures). Beginning in 2008, we also monitored females over 8 reproductive seasons, confirming 45 females at dens and documenting 95 natal dens (83 structures) and 206 maternal dens (192 structures). We established 3 comparisons to guide our assessment of fine-scale habitat: resting males versus resting females, natal dens versus maternal dens, and resting fishers (both sexes) versus denning fishers (all dens). We expected the need for physical security and thermal protection in combination with morphology, predation risk, and aspects of reproductive ecology would influence patterns of use. Both sexes used a variety of microsites for resting, but females selected tree cavities most frequently (47%) while males used branch platforms most often (39%). For resting structures, live conifers were used most often by both sexes (males 44%, females 34%), but live hardwoods (males 16%, females 28%) and conifer snags (males 16%, females 22%) were also important. Comparing natal and maternal dens, we found that cavity microsites used early in the den season tended to be higher than those used later, and large live hardwoods comprised roughly half of all natal (46%) and maternal (51%) den structures. For resting versus denning, we found that large diameter hardwoods were an important source of cavities for both activities, live conifers used for denning were larger than those used for resting, and den structures tended to be on steeper slopes than rest structures. White fir (Abies concolor), California black oak (Quercus kelloggii), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were selected most often by both sexes for resting. In contrast, denning females relied on California black oak (55%), but also used white fir (24%) and incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens; 12%). As noted in studies further north, our findings highlight the value of large trees with decay to support fisher reproduction and daily refugia.

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Tree-cavity availability and selection by a large-bodied secondary cavity-nester: the Military Macaw

Cited by 34 publications

References 37 publications

Resource requirements of parrots: nest site selectivity and dietary plasticity of Psittaciformes

Resource requirements of parrots: nest site selectivity and dietary plasticity of Psittaciformes

Dynamics of nest availability occurrence of Blue and Yellow Macaw (Ara ararauna) nests in the urban area of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul

Microsites and structures used by fishers (Pekania pennanti) in the southern Sierra Nevada: A comparison of forest elements used for daily resting relative to reproduction

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Tree-cavity availability and selection by a large-bodied secondary cavity-nester: the Military Macaw

Cited by 34 publications

References 37 publications

Resource requirements of parrots: nest site selectivity and dietary plasticity of Psittaciformes

Resource requirements of parrots: nest site selectivity and dietary plasticity of Psittaciformes

Dynamics of nest availability occurrence of Blue and Yellow Macaw (Ara ararauna) nests in the urban area of ​​Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul

Microsites and structures used by fishers (Pekania pennanti) in the southern Sierra Nevada: A comparison of forest elements used for daily resting relative to reproduction

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Dynamics of nest availability occurrence of Blue and Yellow Macaw (Ara ararauna) nests in the urban area of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul