Tree and shrub mortality and debarking by sambar Cervus unicolor (kerr) in Gir after a drought in Gujarat, India

Khan, Jamal A.; Rodgers, W. A.; Johnsingh, A. J. T.; Mathur, Pankaj

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(94)90346-8

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Recent extreme drought in North Africa (Touchan et al, 2008) is linked to severe mortality of Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica) from Morocco to Algeria (El Abidine, 2003;Bentouati, 2008 1982/1983 and 1997/1998 in the tropical moist forests of both Malaysian and Indonesian Borneo (Leighton and Wirawan, 1986;Woods, 1989;Nakagawa et al, 2000;van Nieuwstadt and Sheil, 2005). Severe droughts are also associated with increased mortality among many tree species from tropical dry forests in northwest and southwest India (Khan et al, 1994), Abies koreana in South Korea (Lim et al, 2008), Juniperus procera from Saudia Arabia (Fisher, 1997), and pine and fir species in central Turkey (Semerci et al, 2008). Recent droughts have triggered mortality of Pinus tabulaeformia across 0.5 million ha in east-central China (Wang et al, 2007), and across extensive areas of Pinus yunnanensis in southwest China (Li, 2003).…”

Section: Examples Of Recent Climate-induced Forest Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 97%

A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests

Allen

Macalady

Chenchouni

et al. 2010

Forest Ecology and Management

6,015

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4,328

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A B S T R A C T Greenhouse gas emissions have significantly altered global climate, and will continue to do so in the future. Increases in the frequency, duration, and/or severity of drought and heat stress associated with climate change could fundamentally alter the composition, structure, and biogeography of forests in many regions. Of particular concern are potential increases in tree mortality associated with climateinduced physiological stress and interactions with other climate-mediated processes such as insect outbreaks and wildfire. Despite this risk, existing projections of tree mortality are based on models that lack functionally realistic mortality mechanisms, and there has been no attempt to track observations of climate-driven tree mortality globally. Here we present the first global assessment of recent tree mortality attributed to drought and heat stress. Although episodic mortality occurs in the absence of climate change, studies compiled here suggest that at least some of the world's forested ecosystems already may be responding to climate change and raise concern that forests may become increasingly vulnerable to higher background tree mortality rates and die-off in response to future warming and drought, even in environments that are not normally considered water-limited. This further suggests risks to ecosystem services, including the loss of sequestered forest carbon and associated atmospheric feedbacks. Our review also identifies key information gaps and scientific uncertainties that currently hinder our ability to predict tree mortality in response to climate change and emphasizes the need for a globally coordinated observation system. Overall, our review reveals the potential for amplified tree mortality due to drought and heat in forests worldwide.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Section: Examples Of Recent Climate-induced Forest Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 97%

A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests

Allen

Macalady

Chenchouni

et al. 2010

Forest Ecology and Management

6,015

107

4,328

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In primeval forest, bark stripping by deer may change the forest composition (Miquelle and Van Ballenberghe 1989;Khan et al 1994;Ando et al 2003) because deer strip bark selectively and the tolerance of each species to bark stripping is different. Species that are debarked selectively and/or are not tolerant will decline and vice versa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Europe and North America, McIntyre (1972), Welch et al (1987), Miquelle and Van Ballenberghe (1989), Gill (1992) and Motta (1996) presumed that deer eat bark due to food shortages in winter. Khan et al (1994) also explained bark stripping by sambar resulting from food shortages caused by drought. In northern Japan, Kaji et al (1984), Oi and Itoya (1997) and Ueda et al (2002) mentioned that bark stripping by sika deer coincided with food shortages in winter and early spring.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, deer debarking has serious effects on plant communities (Miquelle and Van Ballenberghe 1989;Akashi and Nakashizuka 1999). Bark stripping by cervids occurs worldwide: red deer, Cervus elaphus L., in Europe (McIntyre 1972;Welch et al 1987;Motta 1996) moose, Alces alces L., in North America and Scandinavia (Miquelle and Van Ballenberghe 1989;Faber 1996;Randveer and Heikkila 1996), sambar, Cervus unicolor (Kerr), in India and New Zealand (Khan et al 1994;Stafford 1997) and other cervids (Gill 1992;Parks et al 1998). Bark stripping by sika deer, Cervus nippon Temminck, occurs in both primeval forests and managed plantations in Japan (Kaji et al 1984;Oi and Itoya 1997;Yokoyama et al 2001;Ueda et al 2002;Ando et al 2003;Nagaike and Hayashi 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Why do sika deer, Cervus nippon, debark trees in summer on Mt. Ohdaigahara, central Japan?

2004

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Abstract. Bark stripping by sika deer, Cervus nippon, causes severe damage to forests. The seasonality of bark stripping by deer and tree selection were examined on Mt. Ohdaigahara in central Japan. The chemical content and physical properties of the bark were analyzed. About 60% of all tree species suffer various degrees of seasonal bark stripping. Bark stripping is most intensive during summer when the deer's main forage, Sasa nipponica, is abundant, suggesting that bark stripping is not due to food shortages. The bark physical properties seem to affect barking selection among three coniferous species, but not its seasonality. The nutritive value of bark is lower than that of S. nipponica, which has high crude protein and hemicellulose contents in summer but an inadequate mineral balance in summer, suggesting that sika deer eat the bark either to balance the digestible nutrients of summer forage and/or to attain a proper mineral balance in summer.

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“…An overabundance of deer exerts negative effects on forest ecosystems by browsing, bark stripping, and fraying (Gill 1992), resulting in damage to tree trunks, dieback of overstory trees (Miquelle and Van Ballenberghe 1989;Khan et al 1994;Akashi and Nakashizuka 1999;Yokoyama et al 2001), and preventing forest regeneration (Anderson and Loucks 1979;Takatsuki and Gorai 1994;Akashi and Nakashizuka 1999). Furthermore, deer feeding activities (grazing, browsing, and bark stripping) lead to the forest vegetation becoming dominated with plant species that are unpalatable or tolerant against deer feeding (Tilghman 1989;Shimoda et al 1994;Yokoyama and Shibata 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Expansion of dwarf bamboo, Sasa nipponica, grassland under feeding pressure of sika deer, Cervus nippon, on subalpine coniferous forest in central Japan

Ando

Itaya

Yamamoto

et al. 2006

Journal of Forest Research

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The long-term changes of the area of Sasa nipponica grassland, bark stripping damage to trees by sika deer, Cervus nippon, and sika deer densities on Mt. Ohdaigahara were assessed with aerial photographs, information from previous studies, and field experiments. The grasslands expanded year after year. The expansion rate was highest from 1982 to 1992, and lowest from 1992 to 1997. Bark-stripping damage on coniferous trees was heavier than that on broadleaf trees in both the early 1980s and 1998. The deer density in the eastern part of the area had been high (14.4-64.3 km -2 ) from 1984 until 1998. We presume that rich growth of S. nipponica and heavy feeding pressure by sika deer over the long term caused expansion of S. nipponica grasslands by killing canopy trees by bark stripping and preventing forest regeneration.

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Tree and shrub mortality and debarking by sambar Cervus unicolor (kerr) in Gir after a drought in Gujarat, India

Cited by 25 publications

References 3 publications

A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests

A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests

Why do sika deer, Cervus nippon, debark trees in summer on Mt. Ohdaigahara, central Japan?

Expansion of dwarf bamboo, Sasa nipponica, grassland under feeding pressure of sika deer, Cervus nippon, on subalpine coniferous forest in central Japan

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