Treaty Compliance and Violation

Simmons, Beth A.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2862001

Cited by 37 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Second, I further address issues of endogeneity by running a dynamic panel model, an instrumental variable model, and a selection model (see Simmons 2010 for endogeneity concerns associated with research on international treaties). The primary concern is reverse causality of inflows of FDI influencing the number of BITs in force and level of citizen participation.…”

Section: Robustness Checksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Politics of Foreign Direct Investment in Authoritarian Regimes

Bastiaens

2015

International Interactions

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iv Existing scholarship does not account for why foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows have been increasing to many authoritarian countries in recent decades, with some authoritarian developing countries attracting levels of FDI similar to those in democratic developing countries. This dissertation argues that while authoritarian countries are in general more risky than democratic countries, this risk can be minimized when authoritarian regimes are constrained from both "above" and "below." Authoritarian regimes that sign international investment treaties signal FDI-friendly policies and are constrained from backtracking on those policies. At the same time, authoritarian regimes that allow some degree of citizen participation in policymaking are constrained from deviating from FDI-friendly policies, which are generally preferred by citizens. In sum, it is hypothesized that authoritarian regimes that sign international investment treaties and maintain relatively high levels of citizen participation will attract the most FDI inflows. This hypothesis is tested using micro and macro level empirical evidence. Specifically, multilevel ordered probits of survey data on citizen preferences for FDI and statistical regressions of panel data on global FDI inflows are conducted. Estimation results confirm both the theoretical foundations and formal hypothesis of this dissertation: citizens in authoritarian countries view FDI inflows as welfare-enhancing and authoritarian countries with bilateral investment treaties and high levels of citizen participation attract the most FDI inflows. Additionally, results from an original survey of U.S. foreign investors reveal that multinational companies are aware of and value international investment treaties and freedom of association in host nations, thereby providing key primary evidence in support of the hypothesis. Finally, a comparative case study of Jordan and Syria further illustrate the micro-foundations of the argument. While both Jordan and Syria have signaled a dedication to liberal economic policies, Jordan has been the successor in attracting FDI inflows because of its participatory decision-making processes. This dissertation contributes to international political economy, international organization, and authoritarian political institution research by illuminating the domestic factors that provide credibility of compliance to international treaties signed by authoritarian countries. Previous literature has failed to address the variation of foreign investment inflows to authoritarian regimes and the role of compliance to international investment treaties in attracting these investment inflows to authoritarian countries.

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Section: Robustness Checksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Politics of Foreign Direct Investment in Authoritarian Regimes

Bastiaens

2015

International Interactions

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“…9 In order to explore the intention of Member States in relation to the Declaration, its language and the circumstances of its development and adoption 10 will be considered below.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 In relation to the exit of a case from the criminal justice system Joutsen analysed the situation of receiving restitution and state compensation for victims. 9 Joutsen's approach is well structured setting out the relevant basic principle first and subsequently considering legislation and practice in European States in relation to implementation of and compliance with the Declaration. It allowed him to comment on the situation regarding implementation in particular jurisdictions which he grouped together in core countries, for example the Romano-Germanic, the Socialist and the Common law system.…”

Section: B Approach Taken By Joutsen In 1987 To Assess Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…United Nations ('UN') General Assembly unanimously adopted the The General Assembly nominated a number of basic principles of justice for victims ('basic principles') that Member States should adopt in order to reduce secondary victimisation, 8 and secure justice and assistance for victims. The Declaration consists of two parts: part A relates to victims of crime, 9 part B relates to victims of abuse of power. 10 Part A outlines four avenues of redress for victims of crime: access to justice and fair treatment, 11 restitution, 12 compensation, 13 and assistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…See: Uli Orth, 'Secondary Victimization of Crime Victims by Criminal Proceedings ' (2002) 15(4) Social Justice Research 313, 314. 9 Defined as 'People, who have suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial impairment of their fundamental rights, through acts or omissions that are in violation of criminal laws operative within Member States, including those laws proscribing abuse of power'. See: definition in Declaration s 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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