Treatments for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Kannan, Lakshminarayanan; Garg, Sushil Kumar; Arya, Ravindra; Sankar, Mari Jeeva; Anand, Vidhu

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010867

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…30 TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES SSPE is usually a life-threatening disease with no cure, despite the development of antiviral and immunomodulator drugs. 39 Generally, death occurs within 4 years of onset, although with targeted therapy survival can extend beyond this. 27 In a survey of 500 patients with SSPE from seven countries, physicians reported that isoprinosine monotherapy and isoprinosine plus ribavirin were the standard treatments, but also intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, intrathecal a-interferon (a-IFN), and amantadine therapy.…”

Section: Brain Biopsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: clinical phenotype, epidemiology, and preventive interventions

Mekki

Eley

Hardie

et al. 2019

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a preventable condition reported in 6.5 to 11 per 100 000 cases of measles, and highest in children who contracted measles infection when they were less than 5 years of age. Children residing in areas with poor vaccination coverage and high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus are at increased risk of developing SSPE. SSPE is life‐threatening in most affected children. This report documents current data relating to the clinical phenotype, epidemiology, and understanding of SSPE, inclusive of preventive interventions. While improvements in disease progression with immunomodulation may occur, overall there is no cure. Most therapies focus on supportive needs. Seizures and abnormal movements may respond to carbamazepine. Many countries advocate policies to enhance vaccination coverage. Effective preventive health care programmes, assurance of parental perceptions, and crisis support for unprecedented events obstructing effective primary health care are needed. Until measles is eradicated worldwide, children in all regions remain at risk. What this paper adds Measles contracted under 5 years of age has highest risk of developing subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Children with, or exposed to, human immunodeficiency virus infection, who contract measles may be at increased risk of SSPE.

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Section: Brain Biopsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: clinical phenotype, epidemiology, and preventive interventions

Mekki

Eley

Hardie

et al. 2019

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…Abnormalities in serum and urinary uric acid and occasional nausea have been reported with Isoprinosine. 39 Interferon alfa is an immunomodulator drug. It is preferably given via the intraventricular route as it has very poor penetration of the blood–brain barrier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis – current perspectives

Jafri

Kumar

Ibrahim

2018

PHMT

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Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. It usually occurs 7–10 years after measles infection. The clinical course is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and behavior changes followed by focal or generalized seizures as well as myoclonus, ataxia, visual disturbance, and later vegetative state, eventually leading to death. It is diagnosed on the basis of Dyken’s criteria. There is no known cure for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis to date, but it is preventable by ensuring that an effective vaccine program for measles is made compulsory for all children younger than 5 years in endemic countries.

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“…25 Currently, intravenous immunoglobulin and steroids are not a part of the routine treatment for SSPE. 15 Despite a wide range of medication being used in SSPE, with ribavirin, lamivudine, inosine, pranobex, and interferon (α) being the most frequently used in routine clinical practice. 15 Yet, a great majority of patients succumb to the disease within 5 years of onset.…”

Section: Immunomodulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Despite a wide range of medication being used in SSPE, with ribavirin, lamivudine, inosine, pranobex, and interferon (α) being the most frequently used in routine clinical practice. 15 Yet, a great majority of patients succumb to the disease within 5 years of onset. 27 There are multiple studies done using the medications mentioned above in combination with each other and isolation as well.…”

Section: Immunomodulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and Treatment of Sub-Acute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: An Updated Review

Memon

Afzal

Tukruna³

et al. 2021

Global Pediatric Health

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Measles infection, caused by the “Rubeola” virus is a highly contagious disease with outrageously fatal consequences. Initiating with a variety of symptoms including fever, cough, conjunctivitis, and runny nose, it can lead to more severe sequelae including sub-acute sclerosing pan-encephalitis which is a potentially fatal and serious complication of measles. The lackluster vaccination processes in underdeveloped areas of the world due to suboptimal immunization programs, scarce resources, and insufficient political constancy still leads to increased cases of measles and its complications. A variety of management programs including the use of several medications have been introduced according to the literature in order to counter this dreadful disease. In this review article, we focus on assessment of the previous literature and discussing the possible treatment modalities of this currently irremediable disease.

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Treatments for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: clinical phenotype, epidemiology, and preventive interventions

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: clinical phenotype, epidemiology, and preventive interventions

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis – current perspectives

Trends and Treatment of Sub-Acute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: An Updated Review

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Treatments for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: clinical phenotype, epidemiology, and preventive interventions

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: clinical phenotype, epidemiology, and preventive interventions

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis &ndash; current perspectives

Trends and Treatment of Sub-Acute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: An Updated Review

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Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis – current perspectives