Treatments for AIDS/HIV‐related Kaposi sarcoma: A systematic review of the literature

Abstract

Background Treatment guidelines are not well established in AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma (KS).Objective We aim to review the evidence on efficacy of treatments for AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma.Methods We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase Database from date of database inception till July 2020. Randomized controlled trials reporting intervention consisting of any type of treatment compared to control/placebo to a different treatment modality or different combination of treatment/treatment doses with a diagnosis of AIDSrelated KS are selected.Main outcomes and measures Primary outcomes were response rates defined as complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), or progressive disease (PD). Secondary outcomes were cosmesis and adverse outcomes such as pain and erythema.Results Thirteen out of 536 articles met our eligibility criteria. Three studies reported the efficacy of chemotherapy, two studies looked at different doses of radiotherapy regimes, and three studies compared different antiretroviral therapy (ART) and chemotherapy regimens. Other studies reported topical therapies such as alitretinoin gel, IM862, and bHCG injection which showed varied efficacies.Limitations Lack of standardization classification of disease activity and clinical outcomes and treatment modalities precluded meaningful comparison of studies. ConclusionThe evidence of efficacy of any particular intervention is overall varied and there was insufficient evidence to recommend any particular intervention. We have provided an overview of treatments for KS but larger studies need to be carried out to verify the efficacy of treatment options reported in the literature.

HIV infection-related stigma and oral lesions: an update and new perspectives

“…Concurrent management of underlying HIV infection through ART is crucial to restore immune function and prevent recurrent episodes of oral candidiasis. 16,17 Oral hairy leukoplakia, primarily associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and frequently observed in individuals with HIV/AIDS, is a hyperkeratotic lesion, presenting as non-removable white plaques with a corrugated appearance, which predominantly affect the tongue (Figure 6). 12,13 The primary approach focuses on managing the underlying immunosuppression.…”

The Clinical Outcome Features for Non-HIV Kaposi’s Sarcoma and the Role for Surgical Wide Excision on Survival: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…[6][7][8] However, there is no standardized treatment protocol for non-HIV Kaposi's sarcoma. [9] In general, elective surgery becomes an option when localized skin lesions become problematic and surgical intervention is feasible. [10] Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the outcomes in 2 non-HIV Kaposi's sarcoma patients treated through surgical methods, with the hope of identifying meaningful disparities in treatment outcomes associated with surgery.…”

Valganciclovir modulates the tumor necrosis factor axis molecules expression and CD4+ T-cell subsets in disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma patients

“…New therapies for PLWH with HHV-8 viremia are needed to avoid immune dysregulation [ 10 ] as solely cART can lead to KS immune reconstitution syndrome (KS-IRIS) [ 11 ], associated with high mortality [ 12 ]. In this regard, valganciclovir (VGC) has been proposed as an HHV-8 therapy to diminish viral replication in disseminated KS/HIV+ (DKS/HIV) patients and decrease mortality attributable to severe immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome KS (S-IRIS-KS) episodes [ 13 , 14 ].…”