Treatment with omega-3 fatty acid ethyl-ester alters fatty acid composition of lipoproteins in overweight or obese adults with insulin resistance

Augustine, Alicia H.; Lowenstein, Lisa M.; Harris, William S.; Shearer, Gregory C.; Block, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2013.12.003

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The increase in ω-3 intake through the intervention was also effective in incorporating EPA and DHA into HDL particles, with an average increase of 220% in EPA content and 68% in DHA content. Augustine et al (45) reported more than 200% increase in both fatty acids after supplementation for increase of more than 200% in both fatty acids after supplementation for 16 weeks with 3.6 g EPA + DHA, equivalent to twice the supplementation provided in our study (45). Cross-sectional studies have described that the percentage of EPA and DHA in HDL varied from 0.49 to 0.80% for EPA and 0.93 to 4.50% for DHA, depending on the study population (46,47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Functionality of High-Density Lipoprotein in Individuals With High Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized, Parallel, Controlled and Double-Blind Clinical Trial

et al. 2022

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Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids have been extensively studied for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular health, but their ability to modulate HDL functionality remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ω-3, rich in eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA), on HDL functionality. For that, 147 individuals with high cardiovascular risk were randomized in ω-3 (1 g of fish oil each - 370 mg of EPA and 230 mg of DHA, 3 times per day total EPA+DHA = 1,800 mg) or ω-6 groups (1 g of sunflower oil each - 760 mg of linoleic acid, 3 times per day; total linoleic acid = 2,280 mg). Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline time and after 8 weeks of follow-up and, and the lipid profile and glucose metabolism were evaluated from plasma. From HDL, the fatty acid profile, apolipoproteins (Apo AI, CII and CIII), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), subfractions and antioxidant activity were investigated. Omega-3 improved large HDL (HDL = 28.7%) and reduced small HDL (HDL10 = −10.6%) and the non-esterified fatty acids in HDL (NEFAs-HDL) level (−16.2%). A significant reduction in CETP activity was observed in the ω-3group (Δ ω-6 = 3.60 pmol/ul/h and Δ ω-3 = −1.99 pmol/ul/h; p = 0.044). The antioxidant capacity estimated by Lag time analysis did not change after the ω-3intervention. Changes in PON1 and Apo AI were inversely associated with increased incorporation of EPA (AOR = 0.446; IC = 0.200–0.994) and DHA (AOR = 0.351; IC = 0.150–0.821) in HDL, respectively. Cardioprotective profile obtained by pooled fatty acids analysis was related to a decrease in Apo CIII (r = −0.638; p = 0.002) and CETP (r = −0.341; p = 0.012) and an increase in Apo CII (r = 0.448; p = 0.042) and PON1 (r = 0.388; p = 0.003). In conclusion, omega-3 was effective in the reduction of cardiovascular risk associated with HDL functionality by size improvement and changes in its lipid, antioxidant and enzyme composition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Functionality of High-Density Lipoprotein in Individuals With High Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized, Parallel, Controlled and Double-Blind Clinical Trial

et al. 2022

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“…Possibly, a long-term of FS-diet consumption is necessary to change body composition parameters. Several studies showed the role of flaxseed oil and fish oil as therapeutic agents in the improvement of glycemic homeostasis improvement in mice 20 , 21 , 27 and humans beings 35 , 36 with obesity and its associated comorbidities. However, Baranowski et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 from Flaxseed Oil Protects Obese Mice Against Diabetic Retinopathy Through GPR120 Receptor

Dátilo

Sant’Ana

Formigari

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The chronic and low-grade inflammation induced by obesity seem to be the “first hit” to retinopathy associated to diabetes type 2. Herein, we hypothesized that omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil enriched diet disrupt the pro-inflammatory status in the retina, protecting against retinopathy development. For eight weeks under a high-fat diet (HF), several physiological parameters were monitored to follow the metabolic homeostasis disruption. After this period, mice were treated with a HF substituted in part of lard by flaxseed oil (FS) for another eight weeks. Food behavior, weight gain, glucose and insulin sensitivity, electroretinography, RT-qPCR and western blots were carried out. The HF was able to induce a pro-inflammatory background in the retina, changing IL1β and TNFα. VEGF, a master piece of retinopathy, had early onset increased also induced by HF. The FS-diet was able to decrease inflammation and retinopathy and improved retinal electro stimuli compared to HF group. GPR120 and GPR40 (G Protein-Coupled Receptors 120 and 40), an omega-3 fatty acid receptors, were detected in the retina for the first time. FS-diet modulated the gene expression and protein content of these receptors. Thus, unsaturated fatty acids protect the retina from diabetes type 2 mice model from disease progression.

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“…Recently, oleic fatty acids were shown to mediate insulin secretion by activating GPR40 in the pancreas (22) and to induce cholecystokinin release in the small intestine (23), further improving the central control of food intake. Moreover, free oleic fatty acid, or oleoylglycerol, can activate a GPR119-releasing glucagon-like peptide-1/2 in the small intestine, thereby improving insulin actions (24). GPR120 is another fatty acid receptor found in the intestine; the activation of GPR120 has been shown to stimulate GLP-1 release.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diets Containing α-Linolenic (ω3) or Oleic (ω9) Fatty Acids Rescues Obese Mice From Insulin Resistance

et al. 2015

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Subclinical systemic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and insulin resistance. The results obtained from a number of experimental studies suggest that targeting different components of the inflammatory machinery may result in the improvement of the metabolic phenotype. Unsaturated fatty acids exert antiinflammatory activity through several distinct mechanisms. Here, we tested the capacity of ω3 and ω9 fatty acids, directly from their food matrix, to exert antiinflammatory activity through the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)120 and GPR40 pathways. GPR120 was activated in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues, reverting inflammation and insulin resistance in obese mice. Part of this action was also mediated by GPR40 on muscle, as a novel mechanism described. Pair-feeding and immunoneutralization experiments reinforced the pivotal role of GPR120 as a mediator in the response to the nutrients. The improvement in insulin sensitivity in the high-fat substituted diets was associated with a marked reduction in tissue inflammation, decreased macrophage infiltration, and increased IL-10 levels. Furthermore, improved glucose homeostasis was accompanied by the reduced expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes and reduced body mass. Thus, our data indicate that GPR120 and GPR40 play a critical role as mediators of the beneficial effects of dietary unsaturated fatty acids in the context of obesity-induced insulin resistance.

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Treatment with omega-3 fatty acid ethyl-ester alters fatty acid composition of lipoproteins in overweight or obese adults with insulin resistance

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Functionality of High-Density Lipoprotein in Individuals With High Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized, Parallel, Controlled and Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Functionality of High-Density Lipoprotein in Individuals With High Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized, Parallel, Controlled and Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Omega-3 from Flaxseed Oil Protects Obese Mice Against Diabetic Retinopathy Through GPR120 Receptor

Diets Containing α-Linolenic (ω3) or Oleic (ω9) Fatty Acids Rescues Obese Mice From Insulin Resistance

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