Treatment strategy for myocarditis in patients using immune checkpoint inhibitors or combined anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy by clinical severity

Intrinsic Differences in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Myocarditis: A Retrospective Analysis of Real World Data

“…Our findings showed that troponin and LDH might contribute to recognizing severe myocarditis as soon as possible. Previous studies have demonstrated that monitoring troponin during treatment is reasonable (Sarocchi et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2021;Puzanov et al, 2021), but the relationship between LDH and cardiotoxicity was never reported. Patients with severe myocarditis are more likely to have a higher LDH.…”

“…However, as the use of ICIs in clinical practice has increased, immune-mediated toxicities have been observed, which can impact numerous organ systems, including the heart ( Escudier et al, 2017 ; Zhu et al, 2021 ). Immune-related myocarditis is the most serious life-threatening toxicity, and the underlying pathomechanism is poorly understood ( Liu et al, 2021 ). The incidence of immune-related myocarditis caused by ICI is approximately 1%, but the mortality rate can be as high as 46% ( Mahmood et al, 2018 ; Moslehi et al, 2018 ).…”

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis with myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome: A case report and literature review

“…[10] Some anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatments induce cardiotoxicity and are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and coronary ischemia. [11] The patient was treated with sorafenib for 1 cycle, and then treated with sorafenib combined with camrelizumab. As a multi-target anti-tumor drug, sorafenib can act on tumor cells and block tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor.…”

“…[10] Some anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatments induce cardiotoxicity and are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and coronary ischemia. [11]…”