Treatment Strategies to Promote Regeneration in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Models

Hassan, Atiq; Nasir, Nazim; Muzammil, Khursheed

doi:10.1134/s1819712421010049

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…SCI can be caused by mechanical insult or laceration along any part of the spinal cord which affects sensory, motor, and autonomic function. 57 Generally, SCI can be divided into two types, incomplete and complete injury. Incomplete injury means that some signals can be transmitted from the brain to the rest of the body, while complete injury means that there is no nerve communication and voluntary motor function below the site where the trauma occurred.…”

Section: Inhibitory Regeneration Challenge On Spinal Cord Injury (Sci)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…58 Depending on the level of trauma, the initial injury can escalate the neuronal or nonneuronal cells on the injury site to secondary damage. 57 This incident could lead to a chronic injury phase where the axon will have degenerated and triggers an astrocyte reaction as an immune response mechanism. 59,60 Consequently, the formation of a cystic cavity is induced as well as glial scarring which inhibits the spontaneous regeneration of axons.…”

Section: Inhibitory Regeneration Challenge On Spinal Cord Injury (Sci)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes neuronal cells and myelinated axons that send and receive ascending and descending brain signals to the rest of the body. SCI can be caused by mechanical insult or laceration along any part of the spinal cord which affects sensory, motor, and autonomic function . Generally, SCI can be divided into two types, incomplete and complete injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incomplete injury means that some signals can be transmitted from the brain to the rest of the body, while complete injury means that there is no nerve communication and voluntary motor function below the site where the trauma occurred . Depending on the level of trauma, the initial injury can escalate the neuronal or non-neuronal cells on the injury site to secondary damage . This incident could lead to a chronic injury phase where the axon will have degenerated and triggers an astrocyte reaction as an immune response mechanism. , Consequently, the formation of a cystic cavity is induced as well as glial scarring which inhibits the spontaneous regeneration of axons. , Hence, in an attempt to limit tissue damage that could lead the SCI into the chronic injury stage (Figure ), neuroprotection therapeutic intervention at the early stage of injury has become a common strategy for clinical SCI management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Conductive Hydrogels on Spinal Cord Injury Repair: A Review

Shahemi

Mahat

Asri

et al. 2023

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe motor or sensory damage that leads to long-term disabilities due to disruption of electrical conduction in neuronal pathways. Despite current clinical therapies being used to limit the propagation of cell or tissue damage, the need for neuroregenerative therapies remains. Conductive hydrogels have been considered a promising neuroregenerative therapy due to their ability to provide a pro-regenerative microenvironment and flexible structure, which conforms to a complex SCI lesion. Furthermore, their conductivity can be utilized for noninvasive electrical signaling in dictating neuronal cell behavior. However, the ability of hydrogels to guide directional axon growth to reach the distal end for complete nerve reconnection remains a critical challenge. In this Review, we highlight recent advances in conductive hydrogels, including the incorporation of conductive materials, fabrication techniques, and cross-linking interactions. We also discuss important characteristics for designing conductive hydrogels for directional growth and regenerative therapy. We propose insights into electrical conductivity properties in a hydrogel that could be implemented as guidance for directional cell growth for SCI applications. Specifically, we highlight the practical implications of recent findings in the field, including the potential for conductive hydrogels to be used in clinical applications. We conclude that conductive hydrogels are a promising neuroregenerative therapy for SCI and that further research is needed to optimize their design and application.

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Section: Inhibitory Regeneration Challenge On Spinal Cord Injury (Sci)mentioning

confidence: 99%