Treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic metastasis

Long, Haiyi; Huang, Tzou‐Chi; Xie, Xian-Jin; Long, Jianting; Liu, Baoxian

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v9.i21.5754

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Immunotherapy, particularly anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, has shown promise as a treatment for advanced HCC in recent years ( 27 ). It has been a breakthrough in anti-cancer therapy and has completely revolutionized treatment strategies.…”

Section: Discussion Of Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report and literature analysis: solitary HCC- recurrence in the right maxillary sinus after curative resection

Madzikatire,

Shan

2024

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundThe primary treatment for eligible patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is curative liver resection, offering a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 60%-80%. Despite this, the recurrence rate within five years post-resection remains notably high, ranging from 40% to 50%. Instances of recurrence in the maxillary sinus following liver resection are exceedingly uncommon. This report details a unique case of solitary maxillary sinus recurrence after the curative resection of HCC, which underwent maxillary tumor resection, along with a comprehensive review of pertinent literature. No similar cases have been documented previously.Case presentationIn 2014, an 85-year-old male patient was diagnosed with HCC and subsequently underwent left hepatectomy. Following the resection, the patient underwent a 9-year follow-up period without any evidence of intra or extrahepatic recurrence. In 2023, a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a 1.4 cm by 1.1 cm mass in the maxillary sinus, without discernible invasion of the alveolar sinus, nasal cavity, orbital cavity, or infratemporal space. We proceeded with the resection of the maxillary sinus mass. Patho-histochemical analysis indicated that the tumor cells in the maxillary sinus were metastatic HCC cells. As of now, the patient remains in good condition with no signs of tumor recurrence.ConclusionFor patients presenting with solitary maxillary sinus metastasis, optimal liver function, and a favorable performance score, tumor resection may be the preferred treatment option. However, given the rarity of such cases, larger prospective trials are essential to determine an optimal treatment strategy that offers therapeutic benefits.

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Section: Discussion Of Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report and literature analysis: solitary HCC- recurrence in the right maxillary sinus after curative resection

Madzikatire,

Shan

2024

Front. Oncol.

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“… 3 , 4 Previous studies reported that HCC with EHM had obviously poorer outcome than those without EHM. 4 , 5 Data has proven that HCC with EHM, the expected median survival was 6–8 months. 5 The lungs are the most common organ for extrahepatic spread, but most metastases are multifocal and often unsuitable for curable therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 4 , 5 Data has proven that HCC with EHM, the expected median survival was 6–8 months. 5 The lungs are the most common organ for extrahepatic spread, but most metastases are multifocal and often unsuitable for curable therapy. Thus, the clinical conclusion and prognosis of patients with EHM usually administered with system therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Lenvatinib Combined with PD-1 Inhibitor versus Sorafenib and PD-1 Inhibitor with or Without TACE for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Extrahepatic Metastasis

Duan,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

ITT

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Background Lenvatinib or Sorafenib combined with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor as recommend treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with extrahepatic metastasis (EHM). We aimed to compared the prognosis of Lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitor (Len+PD-1) versus Sorafenib plus PD-1 (Sora+PD-1) as an initial therapy for HCC with EHM. Methods Incorporating a sum of 229 HCC patients with EHM were encompassed within this study, with 127 in the Sora+PD-1 group and 102 in the Len+PD-1 group. Through propensity score matching (PSM), we compared overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and patient safety between these two groups. Results The median OS were 13.0 months and 14.2 months in the Sora+PD-1 group and Len+PD-1 group. The 6-, 12-, and 24-month OS rates were 92.9%, 58.9% and 5.6% in Sora+PD-1 group and 93.1%, 61.8% and 22.6% in Len+PD-1 group, respectively. The Len+PD-1 group had obviously better OS than the Sora+PD-1 group ( P = 0.002). The 3-, 6-, and 12-month PFS rates were 76.4%, 27.6% and 1.6% in Sora+PD-1 group and 86.2%, 50.5% and 12.2% in Len+PD-1 group, respectively. Compared with Sora+PD-1 group, the Len+PD-1 group had obviously better PFS ( P < 0.001). Analysis within subgroups showed that OS was significant in patients receiving TACE in Len+PD-1 group than Sora+PD-1 group ( p = 0.003). Conclusion Len+PD-1 group had longer OS and PFS than Sora+PD-1 group for patient with EHM. In addition, OS in patients received TACE was improved with Len+PD-1 treatment. For patients without TACE, there was no significance between Sora+PD-1 and Len+PD-1 groups.

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“…Although the clinical treatment and diagnosis of HCC patients have considerably improved in the last few years, the prognosis for patients with HCC, who also have DOI: 10.14218/CSP.2022.00006 | Volume 00 Issue 00, Month Year 2 Dummy Running Header (Right) Cancer Screen Prev distant metastases (DM), remains dismal. 4 As a result, predicting models for estimating DM in HCC patients and the prognosis of HCC patients with DM are required. Numerous risk factors and prognostic variables have been identified in prior studies, such as higher T stage, surgery, tumor size, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of Predictive and Prognostic Nomograms for Distant Metastases in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on SEER Database

Nie¹,

Luo²,

Yan³

et al. 2022

Cancer Screen Prev

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Background and objectives:The most often encountered kind of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in which distant metastases (DM) continue to result in a worse prognosis. The present study aims to determine the prognostic and predictive factors of DM in patients with HCC, and generate two nomograms to assess the occurrence probability of DM and prognosis of HCC patients with DM.Methods: From 2010 to 2015, the data of patients who were diagnosed with HCC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database were retrospectively reviewed. The multivariate and univariate logistic regression analyses were assessed to determine the risk factors correlated to the occurrence of DM in patients with HCC. Then, the multivariate and univariate analyses of the Cox regression were assessed to determine prognostic risk factors of DM in HCC patients, and two nomograms were constructed. Results:The present study included 14,508 participants with HCC. Gender, T stage, N stage and tumor size were determined as independent risk factors correlated to the occurrence of DM in HCC patients, while T stage, N stage, surgery, radiation and chemotherapy were determined as independent prognostic factors in HCC patients with DM. The AUC for the diagnostic nomogram was 0.766 in the training group and 0.776 in the testing group. At 6, 9 and 12 months, the AUC for the prognostic nomogram was 0.732, 0.727 and 0.719, respectively, in the training group, and 0.697, 0.722 and 0.731, respectively, in the testing group. Conclusions:The two nomograms developed to assess the occurrence of DM in HCC patients and prognosis of HCC patients with DM may benefit clinician decisionmaking and clinical patient prognosis.

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Treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic metastasis

Cited by 12 publications

References 116 publications

Case report and literature analysis: solitary HCC- recurrence in the right maxillary sinus after curative resection

Case report and literature analysis: solitary HCC- recurrence in the right maxillary sinus after curative resection

Efficacy of Lenvatinib Combined with PD-1 Inhibitor versus Sorafenib and PD-1 Inhibitor with or Without TACE for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Extrahepatic Metastasis

Construction of Predictive and Prognostic Nomograms for Distant Metastases in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on SEER Database

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