Treatment Strategies for BCG Unresponsive Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Anusha Gupta,
Shiv Verma,
Sanjay Gupta
Abstract:Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the standard treatment for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Although this therapy has been effective, BCG resistance poses a significant challenge, highlighting the need for alternative treatment options. Possible alternative treatments include intravesical chemotherapy, immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates, device-assisted therapies, gene therapy, and radiotherapy. Although radical cystectomy is recommended after BCG failure, its high morbidity and… Show more
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