Treatment planning and delivery of IMRT using 6 and 18MV photon beams without flattening filter

Stathakis, Sotirios; Esquivel, Carlos O.; Gutiérrez, Alonso N.; Buckey, C.; Papanikolaou, Nikos

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.03.014

Cited by 61 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The flatness, symmetry and penumbra were measured as a maximum ratio between any two points (100×D max /D min ), the maximum ratio between any two symmetric data points (100×D (x) /D (-x) ) max and the spatial distance between 80% and 20% of the profile for flattened beam respectively [9,10].…”

Section: Characterizations Of Pdds and Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon beam commissioning of an Elekta Synergy linear accelerator

Mashud

Tariquzzaman

Alam

et al. 2017

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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The aim of this study is to present the results of commissioning of Elekta Synergy linear accelerator (linac). The acceptance test and commissioning were performed for three photon beams energies 4 MV, 6 MV and 15 MV and for the multileaf collimator (MLC). The percent depth doses (PDDs), in-plane and cross-plane beam profiles, head scatter factors (Sc), relative photon output factors (Scp), universal wedge transmission factor and MLC transmission factors were measured. The size of gantry, collimator, and couch isocenter were also measured.

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Section: Characterizations Of Pdds and Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon beam commissioning of an Elekta Synergy linear accelerator

Mashud

Tariquzzaman

Alam

et al. 2017

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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“…Other benefits are seen to include increased dose rate and improved beam stability. Several groups have investigated the treatment planning aspects of unflattened IMRT (16)(17)(18), and one author has investigated peripheral doses through Monte Carlo modeling (19), but to our knowledge, no direct measurements have been reported between out-of-field doses for clinical delivery of comparative plans. If IMRT can be planned and delivered using a system with no flattening filter, then peripheral doses could be significantly reduced, lowering the incidence of secondary cancers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lowering Whole-Body Radiation Doses in Pediatric Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Through the Use of Unflattened Photon Beams

Cashmore

Ramtohul

Ford

2011

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics

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“…While several recent papers have summarized the dosimetric characteristics of these beams 1 , 2 , 3 and others have reported commissioning results of the anisotropic analytical algorithm (4) or Monte Carlo, 5 , 6 , 7 scarce data exist on modeling these beams with the collapsed cone convolution superposition (CCCS) algorithm as implemented in the widely used Pinnacle 3 treatment planning system (Philips Radiation Oncology Systems, Fitchburg, WI). Stathakis et al (8) reported their experience commissioning the CCCS algorithm for 6 and 18 MV unflattened beams by overriding interlocks related to the flattening filter, but no patients were treated with this configuration. Huang et al (9) recently published results from an equivalent quality unflattened beam obtained by removing the flattening filter and tuning the electron energy in a Siemens Oncor linac (Siemens Medical Solutions, Concord, CA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commissioning and verification of the collapsed cone convolution superposition algorithm for SBRT delivery using flattening filter‐free beams

Foster

Speiser

Solberg

2014

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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Linacs equipped with flattening filter‐free (FFF) megavoltage photon beams are now commercially available. However, the commissioning of FFF beams poses challenges that are not shared with traditional flattened megavoltage X‐ray beams. The planning system must model a beam that is peaked in the center and has an energy spectrum that is softer than the flattened beam. Removing the flattening filter also increases the maximum possible dose rates from 600 MU/min up to 2400 MU/min in some cases; this increase in dose rate affects the recombination correction factor, Pion, used during absolute dose calibration with ionization chambers. We present the first‐reported experience of commissioning, verification, and clinical use of the collapsed cone convolution superposition (CCCS) dose calculation algorithm for commercially available flattening filter‐free beams. Our commissioning data are compared to previously reported measurements and Monte Carlo studies of FFF beams. Commissioning was verified by making point‐dose measurement of test plans, irradiating the RPC lung phantom, and performing patient‐specific QA. The average point‐dose difference between calculations and measurements of all test plans and all patient specific QA measurements is 0.80%, and the RPC phantom absolute dose differences for the two thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) in the phantom planning target volume (PTV) were 1% and 2%, respectively. One hundred percent (100%) of points in the RPC phantom films passed the RPC gamma criteria of 5% and 5 mm. Our results show that the CCCS algorithm can accurately model FFF beams and calculate SBRT dose distributions using those beams.PACS number: 87.55.kh

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Treatment planning and delivery of IMRT using 6 and 18MV photon beams without flattening filter

Cited by 61 publications

References 19 publications

Photon beam commissioning of an Elekta Synergy linear accelerator

Photon beam commissioning of an Elekta Synergy linear accelerator

Lowering Whole-Body Radiation Doses in Pediatric Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Through the Use of Unflattened Photon Beams

Commissioning and verification of the collapsed cone convolution superposition algorithm for SBRT delivery using flattening filter‐free beams

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