Background: (the etiological agent mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes the disease Tuberculosis, annually causes about 3 million deaths and latently infects between one and 2 million people. it is estimated that 4% of the cases correspond to multidrug- resistant and extensively resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Both classifications constitute a worldwide public healt problem. Their early detection would reduce the burden of the disease and the speed of treatment modification. Material and methods: A systematic review of virtual bibliographic databases was made based on evidence presented in scientific articles, reviews an meta- analyses. The databases uses were: Pubmed, Epistemonikos, Google scholar, Open Athens, Tripdatabase, Cocrcane and Scielo.Results:9 studies were selected for review and found several risk factors associated with MDR-TB in adolescents and adults, such as body mass index less than 18.5, HIV/AIDS, alcohol and drug- related substance use. Conclusion: Education In both adolescents and adults should be a key point to prevent MDR-TB with biomolecular testing Is necessary for timely and appropiate trearment