Treatment Outcomes and Associated Factors in Tuberculosis Patients at Atwima Nwabiagya District, Ashanti Region, Ghana: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study

Abstract

Introduction. Tuberculosis poses a great threat to public health around the globe and affects persons mostly in their productive age, notwithstanding; everyone is susceptible to tuberculosis (TB) infection. To assess the effectiveness and performance of the tuberculosis control program activities, the percentage of cases with treatment success outcome is key. To control tuberculosis, interrupting transmission through effective treatment cannot be overemphasized. The study was conducted to determine factors associated with TB treatment outcome, in the Atwima Nwabiagya District from 2007–2017. Method. A Retrospective review of routine/standard TB registers was carried out in five directly observed therapy short-course (DOTS) centres at the Atwima Nwabiagya District from January 2007 to December 2017. Demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes were assessed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was conducted to determine the predictors of successful treatment outcome. Results. Of the 891 TB client’s data that was assessed in the district, the treatment success rate was 68.46%. Patients, aged ≤ 20 years (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 4.74 , 95 % CI = 1.75 − 12.83 ) and 51-60 years ( aOR = 1.94 , 95 % CI = 1.12 − 3.39 ), having a pretreatment weight of 35-45 kg ( aOR = 2.54 , 95 % CI = 1.32 − 4.87 ), 46-55 kg ( aOR = 2.75 , 95 % CI = 1.44 − 5.27 ) and 56-65 kg ( aOR = 3.04 , 95 % CI = 1.50 − 6.14 ) were associated with treatment success. However, retreatment patients ( aOR = 0.31 , 95 % CI = 0.11 − 0.84 ) resulted in unsuccessful treatment outcome. Conclusion. Successful treatment outcome among TB patients was about 20.00% and 30.00% lower compared to the national average treatment success rate and WHO target, respectively. Active monitoring, motivation, and counselling of retreatment patients and patients with advanced age are key to treatment success.

Factors Affecting Tuberculosis Case Detection in Kwahu East District of the Eastern Region, Ghana - A Health Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study among TB Patients

“…Men were found to be more affected than women. This finding conforms to findings a crosssectional study in the Gambia on delays in TB diagnosis were they reported over 70% of the cases to be men [13]. Other studies conducted in Africa [16,17,19] also identified men as a high risk group for TB infection than women.…”

“…While the focus for case detection in low-and middleincome countries (LMICs) has been through passive surveillance, a combined strategy of both passive and active case finding could improve case detection, especially in high-burden settings [13].…”

Treatment Success and associated factors among patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis attending Kampala Capital City Authority health facilities: A retrospective cohort study

“…PTB treatment success in KCCA public health facilities is higher than that in Kampala. Our findings revealed a higher treatment succes than that in a study done in Ghana which found treatment success at 68.5% (Agyare et al, 2021). Another study done in sub-saharan Africa revealed a treatment success rate of 76.2% among pulonary tuberculosis patients and this was lower than that found out in this study (Izudi, Semakula, Sennono, Tamwesigire, & Bajunirwe, 2019).…”

Assessment of Factors Associated with Unfavorable Outcomes among Drug-Resistant TB Patients: A 6-Year Retrospective Study from Pakistan

“…However, it was comparatively better than the treatment success rates reported in studies conducted in Morocco (53.5%) [23], Armenia (56.5%) [24], Ukraine (18.1%) [25], and India (38%) [26]. Differences in the study population in terms of age, gender, presence of comorbidities, disease severity, tobacco use, drug resistance pattern, social determinants of health, and socioeconomic characteristics could be some of the possible reasons for the discrepancy in treatment outcomes across these studies [13,[27][28][29]. Another factor that may have contributed to the poor outcomes in the current study is the overburden of patients who were registered from different parts of the country in the TB care unit, which restricts the TB treatment coordinators access to the patients.…”