Treatment Outcome of Severe Malaria and Associated Factors among Adults Admitted in Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Nation Nationality and People’s Region, Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction. Malaria is a protozoan disease transmitted by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Progression to severe and fatal disease is largely but not entirely confined to Plasmodium falciparum infections. Malaria is a major public health problem in Ethiopia despite relatively low malaria prevalence compared to most other malaria-endemic countries in Africa. In Ethiopia, a nationwide report during 2015 showed that the total number of deaths associated with malaria was 1561. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch General Hospital on February 2019. Data were collected from a patient record who was admitted with severe malaria in the past four years from Sept. 2015 to Aug. 2018. Results. This study included a total of 387 patients with severe malaria. The mortality rate associated with severe malaria in the year between 2015 and 2018 at Arba Minch General Hospital was 5.7%. Comorbidity, impaired consciousness, and acidosis were significantly associated with mortality, at significant level of P < 0.05 . Conclusions. Comorbidity, impaired consciousness, and acidosis were found to be poor prognostic indicators for patients with severe malaria.

Malaria Prevalence and Distribution of Plasmodium Species in Southern Region of Ethiopia

“…This review is nearly similar to the research conducted in Dilla town and the surrounding rural areas, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, which was 16% [ 27 ]. On the other hand, the result of this study was much lower than the previous research studies reported in Ethiopia among all age groups [ 10 , 15 , 23 – 26 ]. The most likely reason for this variation is that some of the studies were obtained from the high malaria endemic areas of the country, while others were obtained from medium and low malaria-risk areas.…”

“…The results of this systematic review showed that P. falciparum and P. vivax have around 15% variation but greater variation compared to the mixed parasites. The overall estimated distribution of P. falciparum and P. vivax in the current systematic review was similar to nine of the articles included in the review [11,15,17,18,20,[24][25][26][27][28] and contradict with other nine of the reviewed articles [8,10,12,16,19,[21][22][23]27]. The variation in the prevalence of malaria might be related to the difference in the type of laboratory method used, methods of data collection, time of the study, and the difficulty of implementing the existing malaria prevention and control measures practice.…”

“…From the total articles reviewed, twelve studies used a cross-sectional design, five used retrospectives, and one study used a longitudinal research design. Out of all included studies, a study conducted in Arbaminch General Hospital and Arbaminch health center Southern Ethiopia had the least sample size with 160 study participants [ 15 ]. However, another study conducted in Halaba special district in Southern Ethiopia had the highest sample size with 583,668 study participants [ 16 ].…”

“…As indicated in Table 1, the prevalence of malaria in the primary studies ranges from 0.93% [22] to 82.84% which indicates the severity of malaria in the Southern region [10]. The majority of the primary studies indicate a high prevalence of malaria and distribution of Plasmodium species [10,15,18,[23][24][25][26].…”

Determine the correlation between malaria severity assessment score and duration of hospital stay in malaria patients at tertiary care centre

“…Malaria patients require quality care immediately, as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity is India. Research was done for estimating prognosis and risk in malaria including complications during the course of illness [2]. Malaria is a worldwide health problem causing for many deaths and aim is to prevent and control malaria and plans are made in reducing the burden of disease all over the world.…”