Treatment outcome and its associated factors among HIV-MTB co-infected patients in Sichuan, China: A retrospective study

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) co-infection has become a pressing global public health problem. Although tuberculosis (TB) is both treatable and curable, it has been exacerbated by the HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. HIV-MTB co-infected patients have a variety of disease-specific, and treatment-related factors that can adversely affect their treatment outcomes. This study was conducted to assess the outcomes of TB treatment and its associated factors among HIV-MTB co-infected patients in Sichuan, Southwest China. A retrospective study was performed on HIV-MTB co-infected patients who were diagnosed and registered in TB designated hospitals in Sichuan from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020. Data were collected from patients’ electronic medical records regarding their demographic, clinical, and social support information, and categorical data, such as sex, were reported using numbers and percentages. χ2 and t-tests were conducted to compare groups in relation to different levels of medical institutions. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes. For logistic regression analysis performed using an α of 0.05, odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for various risk factors. A total of 3677 registered HIV-MTB co-infected patients were enrolled. After adjusting for other variables, male, advanced age, receiving TB treatment at the municipal medical institution, being diagnosed with external pulmonary TB, referral or tracing, being sputum smear positive, not initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and not using fixed-dose combinations were the main risk factors for treatment failure of HIV-MTB co-infected patients in Sichuan province. Sex, age, hospital level, patient source, other diagnostic factors (e.g., sputum smear results, anatomical site of TB), and factors of therapeutic schemes (e.g., antiretroviral therapy, fixed-dose combinations) may serve as risk factors to estimate the likely treatment outcome of HIV-TB co-infection.

Prevalence, treatment outcomes and determinants of TB/HIV coinfection: A 4-year retrospective review of national tuberculosis registry in a country in a MENA region

“…In this study, it was found that men had the highest proportion (84.82%) of TB/HIV coinfection, which is consistent with the findings of other studies [ 15 , [38] , [39] , [40] ]. However, a study conducted in South Africa by Mahtab et al reported that coinfection was more prevalent in women than in men [ 41 ].…”

“…The present study found that patients with SPPTB and coinfection had a higher probability of unsuccessful TB treatment compared to other coinfected patients. However, in contrast to these findings, the study by Yang et al reported a higher probability of unsuccessful TB treatment in HIV coinfection patients with EPTB compared to PTB patients [ 39 ]. It should be noted that in that study, unlike the present study, PTB patients were not analyzed based on smear type.…”

Factors Associated with Successful Drug Susceptible Tuberculosis Treatment among Tuberculosis – Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients in DKI Jakarta Province 2020 – 2022

“…Tuberculosis and HIV can significantly impact an individual's immune systems by evading immune monitoring functions; however, the exact mechanisms are not completely understood. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV can accelerate immunological impairment and lead to premature death if not treated (Umayorubhagom & Baliga, 2023;Yang et al, 2022).…”