Treatment options for managing atherogenic dyslipidemia and fatty liver disease

Rizzo, Manfredi; Montalto, Giuseppe; Al-Rasadi, Khalid

doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.902051

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…First, the lipid-lowering diet and nutraceuticals reduce the expression and proteolytic activity of interstitial collagenase (MMP-1), reduce oxidative stress, and activate endothelial cells and the thrombotic potential. Among the drugs, statins are associated with beneficial modifications in emerging cardiovascular risk factors [ 126 , 127 , 128 ]; they have a regulatory action on the secretion of adipokines, which can be induced by LipopolySaccharides (LPS) or the general inflammatory state associated with coronary atherosclerotic disease, causing an increased secretion of adiponectin or reducing the levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 [ 129 ], reducing leptin levels [ 130 ], or reducing Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor -1 (PAI-1) synthesis in adipocytes, also improves coagulation homeostasis [ 131 ]; PCSK9 inhibitors, and anti-inflammatories have the same effects and also upregulate circulating endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenic cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Therapeutical Approaches to Managing Atherosclerotic Risk

Giglio

Stoian

Al-Rasadi

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial vascular disease that leads to inflammation and stiffening of the arteries and decreases their elasticity due to the accumulation of calcium, small dense Low Density Lipoproteins (sdLDL), inflammatory cells, and fibrotic material. A review of studies pertaining to cardiometabolic risk factors, lipids alterations, hypolipidemic agents, nutraceuticals, hypoglycaemic drugs, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation was performed. There are several therapeutic strategies including Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, inclisiran, bempedoic acid, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), and nutraceuticals that promise improvement in the atheromatous plaque from a molecular point of view, because have actions on the exposure of the LDL-Receptor (LDL-R), on endothelial dysfunction, activation of macrophages, on lipid oxidation, formations on foam cells, and deposition extracellular lipids. Atheroma plaque reduction both as a result of LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) intensive lowering and reducing inflammation and other residual risk factors is an integral part of the management of atherosclerotic disease, and the use of valid therapeutic alternatives appear to be appealing avenues to solving the problem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Therapeutical Approaches to Managing Atherosclerotic Risk

Giglio

Stoian

Al-Rasadi

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…No guidance recommends treatment with one particular medication for NAFLD/NASH with or without T2DM. Newer antihyperglycaemic agents, such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, linagliptin) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) (exenatide, lixisenatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, and semaglutide), or sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) (cana-/empa-/dapagliflozin), may be helpful in the treatment of NAFLD/NASH, decreasing the overall content of fat in the liver, and probably inflammation and fibrosis [ 120 ]. Additionally, they decrease the occurrence of CKD, which manifests either independently or in association with NAFLD/NASH, T2DM, or CVD [ 89 ].…”

Section: Management Of Nafld/nash Mets and T2dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Metabolic syndrome, and Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Where do we stand today?

et al. 2022

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are metabolic disorders that belong to highly prevalent disease cluster with a significant impact on public health worldwide. MetS is a complex condition characterized by metabolism perturbations that include glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, associated pro-inflammatory state and arterial hypertension. As the components of MetS commonly co-occur, the management of these disorders could not be considered separate issues. Thus NAFLD, recognized as a hepatic manifestation of MetS, is frequently associated with T2DM. This review analyzes the underlying connections between these diseases and the risks associated with their co-occurrence. The effective management of NAFLD associated with MetS and T2DM involves an early diagnosis and optimal treatment of each condition leading to improvement in glycemic and lipids regulation, liver steatosis, and arterial hypertension. The net effect of such treatment is the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and liver fibrosis.

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