Treatment of Xerophthalmia With Retinol, Tretinoin, and Etretinate

Hatchell, Diane L.; Faculjak, Mary; Kubicek, Diana

doi:10.1001/archopht.1984.01040030746036

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…It appears, however, that the class of compounds related to acitretin may be less active in corneal epithelium than other retinoids. This idea is supported by the observation that topically applied etretinate has no effect on xerophthalmia in the rabbit (21). In spite of the longer treatment time required, however, the histologie data in this study show that glucoseamido acitretin and glucuronamido acitretin are very effective in treatment of squamous metaplasia ofthe corneal epithelium.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

N-Linked Glycoside and Glucuronide Conjugates of the Retinoid, Acitretin, Are Biologically Active in Cornea and Conjunctiva

Ubels

Woo²,

Curley³

1998

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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The purpose of this study was to test two water-soluble, synthetic retinoids, glucoseamido acitretin and glucuronamido acitretin, for biological activity in cells of the cornea and conjunctiva. Vitamin A-deficient, xerophthalmic rats were treated topically with these retinoids, and corneas were examined histologically for effects on epithelial keratinization. The effect of these retinoids on the proliferation of rabbit conjunctival fibroblasts in culture was also investigated. Glucoseamido acitretin treatment restored a normal cornea after eight to nine days of treatment, while no improvement was observed in the vehicle-treated corneas. Likewise, glucuronamido acitretin application restored a normal corneal surface and reversed keratinization after eight to ten days of treatment. These retinoids caused no irritation of the eye or ocular adnexa. In culture, exposure of conjunctival fibroblasts to glucoseamide acitretin inhibited cell proliferation. Cultures exposed to glucoseamido acitretin at 10(-8) M or 10(-6) M had cell densities 77.3% and 51.9% of control, respectively, after seven days. Glucuronamido acitretin also inhibited cell proliferation. Cultures exposed to glucuronamido acitretin at 10(-8) M had a cell density of 69.2% of control at day seven, while at 10(-6) M this retinoid completely inhibited cell proliferation. These results show that glucoseamide acitretin and glucuronamido acitretin are biologically active in the cornea and conjunctiva, and may be considered for ophthalmic use in diseases involving abnormalities of ocular surface cell differentiation or hyperproliferation of fibroblasts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

N-Linked Glycoside and Glucuronide Conjugates of the Retinoid, Acitretin, Are Biologically Active in Cornea and Conjunctiva

Ubels

Woo²,

Curley³

1998

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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“…These effects have been shown by several studies using different animal models of DED: vitamin A promotes wound healing [4] by directly improving epithelial repair [5,6], and reducing cell apoptosis [7] and corneal keratinization [8]. These effects are mediated by an increase in tear volume [9,10] and quality [5]. On a rabbit model of OSD, due to antiglaucoma treatments, topical vitamin A was as effective as topical cyclosporine in reducing OS inflammation, as evaluated by impression cytology [11].…”

Section: Vitamin a 311 Preclinical Evidencementioning

confidence: 96%

A Review of Topical and Systemic Vitamin Supplementation in Ocular Surface Diseases

et al. 2021

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In the homeostasis of the ocular surface, vitamins play a critical role in regulating inflammatory responses and promoting cell differentiation, development and correct function. Systemic vitamin supplementation has been available for many decades; in recent years, thanks to pharmacological advancements, topical vitamin delivery has also become available in an attempt to better treat ocular surface disease (OSD) and dry eye disease (DED). In this paper, we reviewed the current evidence on the role of vitamin supplementation in OSD and DED. We originally searched the PubMed archive, inspected the references and restricted the search to pertinent papers. The body of evidence was evaluated using the amelioration of both signs and symptoms as the outcome, when available. We found that in patients with vitamin deficiency, systemic supplementation of Vitamin A is effective in treating OSD, reducing both DED signs and symptoms. Additionally, systemic supplementation of vitamin D is useful in reducing DED symptoms and increasing tear volume. Vitamin A is also effective in reducing DED signs and symptoms when administered locally. The efficacy of supplementation with other vitamins is still not fully proven. In conclusion, the inclusion of vitamins into the treatment strategies for OSD and DED allows for better treatment customization and better outcomes in these patients.

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“…Such patients are often prescribed with topical retinoic acid [111,112]. Various animal tests have revealed that tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid) is very efficient in reversing xerophthalmic changes compared to retinol [113].…”

Section: Cicatricial Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Eye Disease: A Review of Epidemiology in Taiwan, and its Clinical Treatment and Merits

Kuo

Lin

Chien

et al. 2019

JCM

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Dry eye disease (DED) has become common on a global scale in recent years. There is a wide prevalence of DED in different countries based on various ethnicities and environment. DED is a multifactorial ocular disorder. In addition to advanced age and gender, such factors as living at high altitude, smoking, pterygium, prolonged use of consumer electronics or overingesting of caffeine or multivitamins are considered to be the major risk factors of DED. We report the DED epidemiology in Taiwan firstly in this article. According to the pathophysiological factors and changes inthe composition of the tear film in DED, it can be categorized into several subtypes, including lipid anomaly dry eye, aqueous tear deficiency, allergic and toxic dry eye among others. Each subtype has its own cause and disease management; therefore, it is important for ophthalmologists to identify the type through literature review and investigation. The management of DED, relies not only on traditional medications such as artificial tears, gels and ointments, but also newer treatment options such as acupuncture, SYL1001, and nanomedicine therapy. We also conducted a comprehensive literature review including common subtypes and treatment of DED. Clearly, more clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of the various treatments and common subtypes of DED.

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Treatment of Xerophthalmia With Retinol, Tretinoin, and Etretinate

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

N-Linked Glycoside and Glucuronide Conjugates of the Retinoid, Acitretin, Are Biologically Active in Cornea and Conjunctiva

N-Linked Glycoside and Glucuronide Conjugates of the Retinoid, Acitretin, Are Biologically Active in Cornea and Conjunctiva

A Review of Topical and Systemic Vitamin Supplementation in Ocular Surface Diseases

Dry Eye Disease: A Review of Epidemiology in Taiwan, and its Clinical Treatment and Merits

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