Treatment of Warts With Contact Allergens

Word, Andrew P.; Nezafati, Kaveh A.; Cruz, Ponciano D.

doi:10.1097/der.0000000000000092

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Among these, contact immunotherapy with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), diphencyprone, and squaric acid dibutyl ester (SADBE) has been used the longest with moderate response. [ 71 ] C. parvum has a role in macrophage activation. [ 72 ] In a study involving 10 patients with cutaneous warts (common warts) that compared 0.1 ml immune stimulant Corynebacterium parvum vs saline administered intradermally every month for 3–5 months, 9 patients showed complete resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving role of immunotherapy in the treatment of refractory warts

Thappa

Chiramel

2016

Indian Dermatol Online J

112

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Cutaneous and genital warts are common dermatological conditions caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Although it is a benign condition, it causes disfigurement, has a tendency to koebnerize, and can be transmitted to others. This makes adequate and timely treatment important. There are several conventional treatments available with variable response. Topical and systemic immunotherapy has now found a significant place in the treatment of warts because of its nondestructive action, ease of use, and promising results. Through this review, we would like to present a brief overview of the various immunotherapeutic agents used. These include more established agents such as imiquimod, Mycobacterium w vaccine, bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine, measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, Candida antigen, trichophyton antigen, tuberculin, zinc, cimetidine, levamisole, HPV vaccine, and autoimplantation therapy. Other agents such as contact immunotherapy which is sparsely used now than before and newer agents such as Corynebacterium parvum, sinecatechins, echinacea, propolis, glycyrrizinic acid, and Vitamin D have also been discussed. The mechanism of action of these agents, along with their dosage, mode of administration, duration of use, expected outcomes and comparative efficacy, evidence for their use, and expected side effects, if any, are reviewed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving role of immunotherapy in the treatment of refractory warts

Thappa

Chiramel

2016

Indian Dermatol Online J

112

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“…We present a new immunogenic treatment of cancer antigens consisting in the use of squaric acid (SqA), a more stable molecule compared to HOCl and which is already clinically approved for the treatment of skin papillomas (so-called verrucae or warts) caused by an active skin infection by the human papilloma virus, a DNA virus. Given that HPV induced papillomas can be cured by the local application of SqA, 21 we theorized that the use of SqA for killing tumor cells could induce immunogenic cell death and thereby elicit a potent antitumor immune response. Furthermore, given that the successful therapeutic application of SqA occurs in the context of an active DNA viral infection, we theorized that the use of interferon-alpha (IFNα) to differentiate DCs could provide an important additional stimulus aiding the generation of an antitumor immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cancer vaccine with dendritic cells differentiated with GM-CSF and IFNα and pulsed with a squaric acid treated cell lysate improves T cell priming and tumor growth control in a mouse model

Mookerjee¹,

Graciotti²,

Kandalaft³

2018

Bioimpacts

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Introduction: Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecologic cancers. Relapses after remission are common, hence novel strategies are urgently needed. Our group has previously developed a vaccination approach based on dendritic cells pulsed with HOCl-oxidized tumor lysates. Here we investigate the improvement of this vaccine strategy using squaric acid treatment of cancer cells during tumor lysate preparation and by differentiating dendritic cells in the presence of GM-CSF and IFNα. Methods: Induction of cell death by squaric acid treatment was assessed with propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V in ID8 tumor cells. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) immunogenic status was analyzed using a western blot-based method, as previously described. For immunological tests, ID8 cells expressing ovalbumin (ova-ID8) were treated with squaric acid before cell lysis. DCs prepared with the canonical GM-CSF and IL-4 differentiation cocktail or IFNα and GM-CSF were pulsed with tumor cell lysates and further matured in the presence of IFNγ and LPS (4-DCs and α-DCs respectively). DCs were then used in co-culture assays with ova-specific T cells and IFNγ and IL-4 secretion measured by ELISA. DC phenotypes were characterized by FACS. Finally, DCs were tested in an ovarian cancer mouse model measuring body weight and animal survival. Results: Squaric acid treatment of mouse ovarian cancer cells induced tumor cell death as well as preserve HMGB1, a crucial Damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signal, in its active reduced form. Squaric acid treatment of ID8-ova cells increased IFNγ and decreased IL-4 production from ova-specific T cells in co-culture experiments, promoting a more immunogenic cytokine secretion pattern. DCs differentiated in the presence of IFNα induced a considerable decrease in IL-4 production compared to canonical 4-DCs, without affecting IFNγ release. DC phenotyping demonstrated a more mature and immunogenic phenotype for IFNα-differentiated DCs. Vaccination in tumor-bearing mice showed that IFNα-differentiated DCs pulsed with squaric acid-treated lysates were the most potent at delaying tumor growth, improving animal survival. Conclusion: We identified squaric acid as a novel immunogenic treatment of tumor cells for cancer vaccines particularly efficient in prolonging animal survival when used in combination with IFNα-differentiated DCs. These promising results support future efforts for the clinical translation of this approach.

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“…This DPCP hapten is then recognized by T cells, eventually resulting in the wart's destruction. 7 Interestingly, in our patient, repeat DPCP application was not needed, as initial sensitization elicited a strong enough T-cell response against the warts. This finding implies that the T-cell response to DPCP or its hapten is able to cross-react with antigens expressed on the warts, resulting in the effective removal of the warts without further DPCP stimulation .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%