Treatment of Vancomycin‐Resistant<i>Enterococcus faecium</i>Infections with Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

Linden, Peter K.; Moellering, Robert C.; Wood, C.; Rehm, Susan J.; Flaherty, John P.; Bompart, François; Talbot, George H.

doi:10.1086/323899

Cited by 92 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Linezolid has inherent bacteriostatic activity (6,44) and can cause myelosuppression (45,46), and failure in bacteremia and IE has been documented in animal studies and human case reports (47)(48)(49)(50). The use of quinupristin-dalfopristin is also limited, because it demonstrates inherent bacteriostatic activity against VRE (51), lack of activity against E. faecalis (6), and musculoskeletal toxicities in approximately 50% of the population, and because it requires the use of a central line for administration (52). Daptomycin is commonly used for the treatment of VRE infections (53), although the optimal dose and combinations are unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of Daptomycin or Linezolid in Combination with Rifampin or Gentamicin against Biofilm-Forming Enterococcus faecalis or E. faecium in an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Model Using Simulated Endocardial Vegetations and an In Vivo Survival Assay Using Galleria mellonella Larvae

Luther

Arvanitis

Mylonakis

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Enterococci are the third most frequent cause of infective endocarditis. A high-inoculum stationary-phase in vitro pharmacodynamic model with simulated endocardial vegetations was used to simulate the human pharmacokinetics of daptomycin at 6 or 10 mg/kg of body weight/day or linezolid at 600 mg every 12 h (q12h), alone or in combination with gentamicin at 1.3 mg/kg q12h or rifampin at 300 mg q8h or 900 mg q24h. Biofilm-forming, vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus [VRE]) strains were tested. At 24, 48, and 72 h, all daptomycin-containing regimens demonstrated significantly more activity (decline in CFU/g) than any linezolid-containing regimen against biofilm-forming E. faecalis. The addition of gentamicin to daptomycin (at 6 or 10 mg/kg) in the first 24 h significantly improved bactericidal activity. In contrast, the addition of rifampin delayed the bactericidal activity of daptomycin against E. faecalis, and the addition of rifampin antagonized the activities of all regimens against VRE at 24 h. Also, against VRE, the addition of gentamicin to linezolid at 72 h improved activity and was bactericidal. Rifampin significantly antagonized the activity of linezolid against VRE at 72 h. In in vivo Galleria mellonella survival assays, linezolid and daptomycin improved survival. Daptomycin at 10 mg/kg improved survival significantly over that with linezolid against E. faecalis. The addition of gentamicin improved the efficacy of daptomycin against E. faecalis and those of linezolid and daptomycin against VRE. We conclude that in enterococcal infection models, daptomycin has more activity than linezolid alone. Against biofilm-forming E. faecalis, the addition of gentamicin in the first 24 h causes the most rapid decline in CFU/g. Of interest, the addition of rifampin decreased the activity of daptomycin against both E. faecalis and VRE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of Daptomycin or Linezolid in Combination with Rifampin or Gentamicin against Biofilm-Forming Enterococcus faecalis or E. faecium in an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Model Using Simulated Endocardial Vegetations and an In Vivo Survival Assay Using Galleria mellonella Larvae

Luther

Arvanitis

Mylonakis

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…13 (31%) were attributed to Ciprofloxacin (Linden et al, 2001). This is at variance with a study where no cases of Achilles tendon rupture were found in 2, 122 Ciprofloxacin treated patients (Shinohara et al, 1997).…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 78%

Ciprofloxacin Induced Chondrotoxicity and Tendinopathy

Adikwu

Nelson

2012

American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

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ABSRACTCiprofloxacin is one of the fluoroquinolones with a wide clinical acceptability. Rescently there are increasing reports on Ciprofloxacin induce Chondrotoxicity and Tendinopathy in Animal experiment and clinical experience which is of great clinical concern. A comprehensive survey and review of literaure on reported ciprofloxacin induced Chondrotoxicity and Tendinopathy in Humans and Animals was performed. It was observd that ciprofloxacin is a potential inducer of Chrondrotoxicity and Tendinopathy which could be potentiated by coadministration with corticosteroids.This conditions were reported to be characterised by cartilage lesion, matrix swelling, inhibition of chondrocytes proliferation, secretion of soluble proteoglycan, modification of the metabolism and integrity of extracellular proteins, decrease in epiphyseal growth plate, humerus and femur.The mechanism behind this phenomenon is said to be multifactoral. Ciprofloxacin induced Chrondrotoxicity and Tendinopathy in growing animals is attributed to oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) oxidative stress). Ciprofloxacin induced cartilage damage may also be attributed to formation of Ciprofloxacin chelates and complexes which possesses the potential to induce a deficiency of functionally available divalent ions resulting in cytoskeletal changes. Animal studies showed that oxidative damage or metabolism of tissues was also found suggesting the involvement of a reactive oxygen species. Administration of magnesium, zinc chloride and vitamin E (α tocopherol) were found to prevent or reverse ciprofloxacin induced Chrondrotoxicity and Tendinopathy. Through excess formation of collagen, increase osteoblastic activity, increase bone growth, inhibition of free oxidation radicals' formation thereby preventing DNA oxidation and oxidative stress. Zinc also directly stimulates DNA synthesis either by enzyme stimulation or altering, the binding of f1 and f3 histones to DNA so as to affect RNA synthesis. Patient medical history should be considered before Ciprofloxacin recommendation. Coadministration with corticosteroid should be done with caution. Further evaluation of antioxidants effect in Ciprofloxacin induce Chonrotoxicity, Tendinopathy in humans could be of clinical importance as observed in Animal studies.

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“…Quinupristin/Dalfopristin ist ein Hemmstoff von Cytochrom-P450-3A4,sodass potenzielle Medikamenteninteraktionen beachtet werden müssen.Zu den häufigsten Nebenwirkungen gehören Arthralgien und Myalgien.Nebenwirkungen,wie Übelkeit,Erbrechen,Diarrhö und Hautausschlag wurden nicht mehr als bei anderen Antibiotika beobachtet. Leberenzym-und Bilirubinerhöhungen im Serum sind selten und gehören zu den am meisten beobachteten laborchemischen Veränderungen [9,11].…”

Section: Streptogramineunclassified

Probleme der Pharmakotherapie bei Infektionen im Alter

Kuhnke

Lode

2003

Der Internist

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Infectious diseases play an important role in the elderly. Disease progression is often more severe, displaying a higher complication rate and causing increased mortality. Elderly patients suffer more frequently than younger under pneumonia, exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, urinary tract infections as well as skin and soft tissue infections. When starting empiric antibiotic therapy one should consider that the bacterial spectrum afflicting elderly patients may differ from that afflicting younger patients. In addition an increasing number of nosocomial and multiresistant pathogens is seen in elderly patients due to more frequent hospitalisation and living in nursing homes. Patient multimorbidity and multiple co-medications make awareness of important drug-interactions essential. The purpose of this article is to review the indications and side-effects of well-tried and newer antibiotics with respect to patients age. Especially the newer antibiotics Ertapenem, Linezolid, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin and Telithromycin are discussed in detail.

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Treatment of Vancomycin‐ResistantEnterococcus faeciumInfections with Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

Cited by 92 publications

References 41 publications

Activity of Daptomycin or Linezolid in Combination with Rifampin or Gentamicin against Biofilm-Forming Enterococcus faecalis or E. faecium in an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Model Using Simulated Endocardial Vegetations and an In Vivo Survival Assay Using Galleria mellonella Larvae

Activity of Daptomycin or Linezolid in Combination with Rifampin or Gentamicin against Biofilm-Forming Enterococcus faecalis or E. faecium in an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Model Using Simulated Endocardial Vegetations and an In Vivo Survival Assay Using Galleria mellonella Larvae

Ciprofloxacin Induced Chondrotoxicity and Tendinopathy

Probleme der Pharmakotherapie bei Infektionen im Alter

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