Treatment of Uveitis—An Overview

Ocular manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus

“…Various genetic, epigenetic, immunoregulatory, environmental and infectious factors contribute to the susceptibility, onset, progression and prognosis of the clinical disease in a given patient 3 10. The concordance rate has been reported between 24% and 57% in monozygotic twins, which outweighs the rate of 0–2% in dizygotic twins or siblings 11 12.…”

“…This results in multiorgan damage that manifests as nephritis, vasculitis and arthritis 3. Immunohistochemical studies of an animal model with retinal vasculitis disclosed immune complex deposition within the vessel walls, which ultimately caused vaso-occlusion in the eye 15.…”

“…Secondary angle-closure glaucoma has also been reported secondary to choroidal effusion, leading to an anterior shift of the lens–iris diaphragm, narrow angles and increased intraocular pressure 60 61. Appropriate immunosuppressive treatment leads to resolution of lupus choroidopathy followed by recovered vision 3 25…”

Glucocorticoid therapy and ocular hypertension

“…Over 2 million people worldwide are thought to have uveitis and in the United States uveitis with an incidence of 15 cases per 100,000 population (Foster and Vitale 2002) and 43,000 newly diagnosed cases a year (Vadot 1992). Women have a higher prevalence of uveitis than men, and the largest differences occur in older age groups (Gritz and Wong 2004).…”

Ocular manifestations of rickettsia in children: common but frequently overlooked

“…Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is endemic in Mediterranean countries, caused by Rickettsia conorii and transmitted to humans by contaminated tick’s bites ( Rhipicephalus sanguineus ). The microorganisms generally attack endothelial cells leading to vascular injury and tissue necrosis 1. Systemically, it is characterised by high fever, headache and skin rash.…”