Treatment of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Dean, Gillian; Edwards, Simon; Ives, Natalie; Matthews, Gail V.; Fox, Emma; Navaratne, Lesley; Fisher, Martin; Taylor, Graham P.; Miller, R F; Taylor, Chris; Ruiter, Annemiek de; Pozniak, Anton

doi:10.1097/00002030-200201040-00010

Cited by 285 publications

(260 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Previous epidemiologic studies in Thailand and other countries have demonstrated marked improvement in duration of survival among HIV-infected TB patients treated with ART during TB treatment (2,7,16,(36)(37)(38). Our study confi rms this fi nding and suggests that ART use most likely would dramatically reduce both early and late deaths.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Causes of Death in HIV-infected Persons Who Have Tuberculosis, Thailand

Cain¹,

Anekthananon²,

Burapat³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Up to 50% of persons with HIV and a diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in Thailand die during TB treatment. In a prospective observational study, a team of physicians ascribed the cause of death after reviewing verbal autopsies (interviews of family members about events preceding death), laboratory data, and medical records. Of 849 HIVinfected TB patients enrolled, 142 (17%) died. The cause of death was TB for 38 (27%), including 6 with multidrugresistant TB and 20 with disseminated TB; an HIV-associated condition other than TB for 50 (35%); and a condition unrelated to TB or HIV for 22 (15%). Twenty-three patients (16%) were judged not to have had TB at all. Death from all causes except those unrelated to TB or HIV was less common in persons receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). In addition to increasing the use of ART, death rates may be reduced through expanded use of modern TB diagnostic techniques.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Causes of Death in HIV-infected Persons Who Have Tuberculosis, Thailand

Cain¹,

Anekthananon²,

Burapat³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Several studies have demonstrated the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on HIV-infected patients; these treatments have been successful in restoring immune function and reducing morbidity and mortality [10,27,28,29,30,31]. The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in these patients reduces the risk of developing active TB [32,33,34], being associated in HIV-infected TB patients with higher rates of survival, when used during and after TB treatment [25,27,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors related to HIV/tuberculosis coinfection in a Brazilian reference hospital

Carvalho¹,

Monteiro²,

Neto³

et al. 2008

Braz J Infect Dis

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Infection with both Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is currently the world's leading cause of death due to infectious agents. We evaluated factors related to the development of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected patients who were being treated at an infectious diseases hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. From January 2004 to December 2005, we made an epidemiological study through the analysis of the medical records of 171 patients, who were diagnosed as having both HIV and tuberculosis. Among these co-infected patients, most (81%, p=0.0006) were male. Co-infection was more frequent (87.8%) among patients over 40 years of age and those with lower educational levels (less than eight years of schooling). Forty-one percent of the patients in the study had not had a smear culture test for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). CD4 cell counts were lower than 200 cells/µ µ µ µ µL in 71.9% of the patients, the mean being 169 cells/µ µ µ µ µL. This type of data is important for establishing strategies to improve the control of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients.

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“…IRIS is common among HIV-infected patients and co-infected with MAC, Mycobacterium tuberculosis or other pathogens. Diagnosis of IRIS is difficult for clinicians; differential diagnosis includes treatment failure or resistance and other opportunistic diseases 4,13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft tissue abscess and lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium avium Complex as an expression of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after a second scheme of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Corti

Villafañe

Ambroggi

et al. 2007

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an atypical and unexpected reaction related to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. IRIS includes an atypical response to an opportunistic pathogen (generally Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, cytomegalovirus and herpes varicella-zoster), in patients responding to HAART with a reduction of plasma viral load and evidence of immune restoration based on increase of CD4 + T-cell count. We reported a case of a patient with AIDS which, after a first failure of HAART, developed a subcutaneous abscess and supraclavicular lymphadenitis as an expression of IRIS due to Mycobacterium avium complex after starting a second scheme of HAART.

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Treatment of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Cited by 285 publications

References 25 publications

Causes of Death in HIV-infected Persons Who Have Tuberculosis, Thailand

Causes of Death in HIV-infected Persons Who Have Tuberculosis, Thailand

Factors related to HIV/tuberculosis coinfection in a Brazilian reference hospital

Soft tissue abscess and lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium avium Complex as an expression of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after a second scheme of highly active antiretroviral therapy

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