Treatment of trinitrotoluene by crude plant extracts

Medina, Victor F.; Larson, Steven L.; Agwaramgbo, Lovell; Perez, Waleska; Escalon, Lynn

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.12.014

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The types of whole plants that have been studied include the bush bean (Harvey et al 1990), hybrid poplar (Thompson et al 1998), soybean (Adamia et al 2006), switchgrass (Peterson et al 1998), ryegrass (Sung et al 2004), yellow nutsedge (Palazzo and Leggett 1986) and a variety of wetland species (Best et al 1999a, b, Bhadra et al 1999a, b, Burken et al 2000, Gorge 1994, Paquin et al 2004, Pavlostathis et al 1998. Some investigators have used cell cultures , Vanek et al 2002, Vila et al 2005 or plant extracts (Medina et al 2004) to differentiate between degradation by the plant cells vs the associated microflora. Commensal bacteria are known to enhance TNT metabolism , Van Aken et al 2004) especially those bacteria found in the rhizosphere (Siciliano et al 2000).…”

Section: Macrophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralization of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoleune (TNT) in Coastal Waters and Sediments

Walker¹,

Osburn²,

Boyd³

et al. 2006

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Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)11 Unclassified Unclassified UnclassifiedUnlimited 42Michael T. Montgomery 202-404-6419Mineralization rates of 14C-TNT, -DNT, and -DAT were measured in surface sediments, with depth in sediment cores, and in the water column during 12 research cruises over the past 4 years in the San Francisco Bay, Chesapeake Bay, and Hawaii. Mineralization rates were also compared to uptake and incorporation rates of TNT, DNT, and DAT into the natural microbial assemblage. In general, the bacterial mineralizations rates were similar, or an order of magnitude faster, than those for organic hydrocarbons measured at the same time. Using seawater sampled from a historical UXO field, we found that while bacterial mineralization was rapid (>1 ug L-1 d-1, unfiltered water in dark), photodegradation was even faster (16 ug L-1 d-1, filtered water in light) and the combination of light and unfiltered water was greater than the sum of the two rates (103 ug L-1 d-1), suggesting either that the prescnce of active phytoplankton is important or photodegradation enhances bacterial mineralization.

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Section: Macrophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralization of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoleune (TNT) in Coastal Waters and Sediments

Walker¹,

Osburn²,

Boyd³

et al. 2006

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“…Hydoxylated metabolites of some herbicides in plants are predominantly formed via CYP450-mediated oxidation (Siminszky, 2006). NaR and GST were reported to mediate the reductive degradation of PCBs and some explosives (Blanchette and Singh, 2003;Anke et al, 2003;Medina et al, 2004;Magee et al, 2008). But the key enzymes involved in PBDE degradation in plants are virtually unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro biotransformation of PBDEs by root crude enzyme extracts: Potential role of nitrate reductase (NaR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in their debromination

et al. 2013

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h i g h l i g h t s" PBDEs could be debrominated and hydroxylated by the root crude enzyme extracts. " Debromination was the main degradation pathway. " In vitro and in vivo exposure to PBDEs produced the similar enzyme responses. " NaR and GST were the key enzymes in the plant degradation of PBDEs. a r t i c l e i n f o t r a c tIn order to investigate the enzyme transformation of PBDEs and to track the key enzymes involved in PBDE degradation in plants, in vivo exposure of plants of ryegrass, pumpkin and maize and in vitro exposure of their root crude enzyme extracts to PBDEs were conducted. Degradation of PBDEs in the root crude enzyme solutions fit well with the first order kinetics (R 2 = 0.52-0.97, P < 0.05), and higher PBDEs degraded faster than the lower ones. PBDEs could be transformed to lower brominated PBDEs and hydroxylated-PBDEs by the root crude enzyme extracts with debromination as the main pathway which contributed over 90% of PBDE depletion. In vitro and in vivo exposure to PBDEs produced similar responses in root enzyme activities of which the nitroreductase (NaR) and glutathione-transferase (GST) activities decreased significantly, while the peroxidase, catalase and cytochrome P-450 activities had no significant changes. Furthermore, higher enzyme concentrations of NaR and GST led to higher PBDE debromination rates, and the time-dependent activities of NaR and GST in the root crude enzyme extracts were similar to the trends of PBDE depletion. All these results suggest that NaR and GST were the key enzymes responsible for PBDE degradation. This conclusion was further confirmed by the in vitro debromination of PBDEs with the commercial pure NaR and GST.

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“…Compared with specific enzymes, such as nitroreductase from E. coli (Dai et al, 2009), Rhodococcus sp. (Shen et al, 2009), and other sources (Hallas and Alexander, 1983;Schackmann and Muller, 1991;Medina et al, 2004;Teramoto et al, 2004;van Aken, 2009), with pH ranging between 6.5-7.5, the plant extracts exhibited advantages over a wide range of reaction pH.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Nitroreduction Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%