Treatment of Tourette Syndrome with Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC): No Influence on Neuropsychological Performance

Müller‐Vahl, Kirsten; Prevedel, Heidrun; Theloe, Karen; Kolbe, H.; Emrich, H. M.; Schneider, Udo

doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300047

Cited by 77 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…604). However, only two controlled trials have investigated its efficacy in the treatment of this syndrome (605,607), and they reported effectiveness against tics but no improvement of neuropsychological performance. E) ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.…”

Section: Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Phytocannabinoids to Cannabinoid Receptors and Endocannabinoids: Pleiotropic Physiological and Pathological Roles Through Complex Pharmacology

Ligresti¹,

Petrocellis²,

Marzo³

2016

Physiological Reviews

363

337

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Apart from having been used and misused for at least four millennia for, among others, recreational and medicinal purposes, the cannabis plant and its most peculiar chemical components, the plant cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids), have the merit to have led humanity to discover one of the most intriguing and pleiotropic endogenous signaling systems, the endocannabinoid system (ECS). This review article aims to describe and critically discuss, in the most comprehensive possible manner, the multifaceted aspects of 1) the pharmacology and potential impact on mammalian physiology of all major phytocannabinoids, and not only of the most famous one ⌬ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol, and 2) the adaptive prohomeostatic physiological, or maladaptive pathological, roles of the ECS in mammalian cells, tissues, and organs. In doing so, we have respected the chronological order of the milestones of the millennial route from medicinal/recreational cannabis to the ECS and beyond, as it is now clear that some of the early steps in this long path, which were originally neglected, are becoming important again. The emerging picture is rather complex, but still supports the belief that more important discoveries on human physiology, and new therapies, might come in the future from new knowledge in this field.

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Section: Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Phytocannabinoids to Cannabinoid Receptors and Endocannabinoids: Pleiotropic Physiological and Pathological Roles Through Complex Pharmacology

Ligresti¹,

Petrocellis²,

Marzo³

2016

Physiological Reviews

363

337

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Little additional work was summarized in a more recent review [31]. Of note, improvements occ u r r e d w i t h o u t e x a c e r b a t i n g p e r f o r m a n c e o n neuropsychologic testing [32].…”

Section: Tourette Syndrome Ticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis in the Treatment of Dystonia, Dyskinesias, and Tics

Koppel

2015

Neurotherapeutics

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Cannabis has been used for many medicinal purposes, including management of spasms, dystonia, and dyskinesias, with variable success. Its use for tetanus was described in the second century BCE, but the literature continues to include more case reports and surveys of its beneficial effects in managing symptoms of hyperkinetic movement disorders than randomized controlled trials, making evidence-based recommendations difficult. This paper reviews clinical research using various formulations of cannabis (botanical products, oral preparations containing Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol and/or cannabidiol) and currently available preparations in the USA (nabilone and dronabinol). This has been expanded from a recent systematic review of cannabis use in several neurologic conditions to include case reports and case series and results of anonymous surveys of patients using cannabis outside of medical settings, with the original evidence classifications marked for those papers that followed research protocols. Despite overlap in some patients, dyskinesias will be treated separately from dystonia and chorea; benefit was not established beyond individual patients for these conditions. Tics, usually due to Tourettes, did respond to cannabis preparations. Side effects reported in the trials will be reviewed but those due to recreational use, including the dystonia that can be secondary to synthetic marijuana preparations, are outside the scope of this paper.

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“…Altogether -neither during treatment nor after withdrawal -no detrimental effects were seen on learning curve, interference, recall and recognition of word lists, immediate visual memory span, and divided attention. Measuring immediate verbal memory span there was even a trend towards an improvement during and after treatment with THC [30].…”

Section: Effects Of Cannabinoids On Neuropsychological Performancementioning

confidence: 97%

Treatment of Tourette Syndrome with Cannabinoids

Müller-Vahl

2013

Behavioural Neurology

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Abstract. Cannabinoids have been used for hundred of years for medical purposes. To day, the cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and the cannabis extract nabiximols are approved for the treatment of nausea, anorexia and spasticity, respectively. In Tourette syndrome (TS) several anecdotal reports provided evidence that marijuana might be effective not only in the suppression of tics, but also in the treatment of associated behavioural problems. At the present time there are only two controlled trials available investigating the effect of THC in the treatment of TS. Using both self and examiner rating scales, in both studies a significant tic reduction could be observed after treatment with THC compared to placebo, without causing significant adverse effects. Available data about the effect of THC on obsessive-compulsive symptoms are inconsistent. According to a recent Cochrane review on the efficacy of cannabinoids in TS, definite conclusions cannot be drawn, because longer trials including a larger number of patients are missing. Notwithstanding this appraisal, by many experts THC is recommended for the treatment of TS in adult patients, when first line treatments failed to improve the tics. In treatment resistant adult patients, therefore, treatment with THC should be taken into consideration.

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Treatment of Tourette Syndrome with Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC): No Influence on Neuropsychological Performance

Cited by 77 publications

References 23 publications

From Phytocannabinoids to Cannabinoid Receptors and Endocannabinoids: Pleiotropic Physiological and Pathological Roles Through Complex Pharmacology

From Phytocannabinoids to Cannabinoid Receptors and Endocannabinoids: Pleiotropic Physiological and Pathological Roles Through Complex Pharmacology

Cannabis in the Treatment of Dystonia, Dyskinesias, and Tics

Treatment of Tourette Syndrome with Cannabinoids

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