Treatment of T3 and T4 anal carcinoma with combined chemoradiation and interstitial 192Ir implantation: a 10-year experience

Is neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radio‐chemotherapy beneficial in T4 anal carcinoma?

“…Even if these patients had a locally advanced disease, with a major risk of sphincter incontinence, all of them underwent a conservative treatment, allowing colostomy-free survival rates favorably comparable to those published [13,22,25,26]. However, the best way to treat those locally advanced tumors remains controversial in the literature.…”

“…Results observed in our study were different and could be explained by the difference in response rate observed between the two studies for T4 tumors: overall response rate was 94% in our study including 34% complete response rate versus 29% complete or >80% response rate published by Deniaud-Alexandre et al This point underlines the essential role of clinical response after a first course of RT in the management of locally advanced tumors which is probably more important than initial staging. The decision to pursue the RT until a ''curative dose'' should be precociously taken in function of this response rate [7,20,21,25,27,28].…”

Chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: Comparison of one versus two cycles mitomycin-C

“…Based on initial stage and response to treatment, patients would then receive additional radiation with either external beam or interstitial low-dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy implant. These techniques have been previously described [11,12]. Beginning in 2007, patients have been treated exclusively with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).…”

Anal cancer: Current standards in care and recent changes in practice

“…The advantage of this technique is that there is no hospitalization required, and 2 or 3 treatments can be delivered on an outpatient basis. Brachytherapy for the treatment of anorectal malignancies typically has been performed as a boost after external radiation 75,[116][117][118][119] or as salvage treatment for isolated local failures after external beam RT. 120 Brachytherapy for the treatment of anal cancers has been performed for nearly a century.…”