“…Ashburn, Sewell, and Huggins (1956) reported a patient alive and working seven months after pneumonectomy, caval excision, and replacement Thomas (1959) described caval transection with anastomosis after pneumonectomy in two patients. Holman and Steinberg (1954) and Scannell and Shaw (1954) have discussed caval replacement. Botham, Dracopoulos, and Gale (1960) made a preliminary report on the use of a sponge Teflon prosthesis for superior vena caval replacement in dogs.…”