Treatment of Spider Phobia Using Repeated Exposures and Adjunctive Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Leuchter, Michael K.; Rosenberg, Benjamin M.; Schapira, Giuditta; Wong, Nicole R.; Leuchter, Andrew F.; McGlade, Anastasia L.; Krantz, David E.; Ginder, Nathaniel D.; Lee, Jonathan C.; Wilke, Scott A.; Tadayonnejad, Reza; Levitt, Jennifer G.; Marder, Katharine G.; Craske, Michelle G.; Iacoboni, Marco

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.823158

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Regarding SAD or phobias, [116] there is still relatively little research on the use of TMS or rTMS. It seems that these may be effective methods of therapeutic support, but the amount of evidence is limited.…”

Section: Sadmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Alternative Approach in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: Current Directions

Antos,

Zackiewicz,

Tomaszek

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Anxiety disorders significantly reduce patients' quality of life. Current pharmacological treatments, primarily benzodiazepines and antidepressants, are associated with numerous side effects. Consequently, there is a continual search for alternative methods to traditional therapies that are less burdensome for patients and broaden their therapeutic options. In this review, we examined recent evidence on alternative treatments for anxiety disorders, including physical activity, mindfulness, VR technology, biofeedback, herbal remedies, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), cryotherapy, hyperbaric therapy, vagus nerve stimulation, MDMA, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Our objective was to determine the role of these selected alternative methods in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Alternative treatments significantly expand the options available to patients and clinicians, with many serving as adjuncts to traditional therapies. Among the methods presented, mindfulness has the most significant therapeutic potential.

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Section: Sadmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Alternative Approach in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: Current Directions

Antos,

Zackiewicz,

Tomaszek

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Other anxiety disorders such as PD and social phobia remain largely understudied. While pilot studies do exist, conclusions cannot be drawn due to the limited literature and heterogeneity of trial parameters [79,80].…”

Section: Anxiety and Stressor-related Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-clinical indications of brain stimulation treatments for non-affective psychiatric disorders, a status update

Benster,

Weissman,

Stolz

et al. 2023

Transl Psychiatry

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Over the past two decades noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have emerged as powerful therapeutic options for a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. NIBS are hypothesized to rebalance pathological brain networks thus reducing symptoms and improving functioning. This development has been fueled by controlled studies with increasing size and rigor aiming to characterize how treatments induce clinically effective change. Clinical trials of NIBS for specific indications have resulted in federal approval for unipolar depression, bipolar depression, smoking cessation, and obsessive-compulsive disorder in the United States, and several other indications worldwide. As a rapidly emerging field, there are numerous pre-clinical indications currently in development using a variety of electrical and magnetic, non-convulsive, and convulsive approaches. This review discusses the state-of-the-science surrounding promising avenues of NIBS currently in pre-approval stages for non-affective psychiatric disorders. We consider emerging therapies for psychosis, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and borderline personality disorder, utilizing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and magnetic seizure therapy (MST), with an additional brief section for early-stage techniques including transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). As revealed in this review, there is considerable promise across all four psychiatric indications with different NIBS approaches. Positive findings are notable for the treatment of psychosis using tDCS, MST, and rTMS. While rTMS is already FDA approved for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, methodologies such as tDCS also demonstrate potential in this condition. Emerging techniques show promise for treating non-affective disorders likely leading to future regulatory approvals.

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Intermittent theta burst stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has no additional effect on the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for acrophobia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study

Bohmeier,

Cybinski,

Gromer

et al. 2025

Behavioural Brain Research

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Treatment of Spider Phobia Using Repeated Exposures and Adjunctive Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 76 publications

An Alternative Approach in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: Current Directions

An Alternative Approach in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: Current Directions

Pre-clinical indications of brain stimulation treatments for non-affective psychiatric disorders, a status update

Intermittent theta burst stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has no additional effect on the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for acrophobia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study

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