Treatment of sites contaminated with perfluorinated compounds using biochar amendment

Kupryianchyk, D.; Hale, Sarah E.; Breedveld, Gijs D.; Cornelissen, Gerard

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.085

Cited by 90 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Despite PFAS have been usually found in firefighting facilities, they have been never screened in an area affected by forest fires. Studies about PFAS concentrations in firefighting training facility sites showed high levels of PFOS, between 21 and 8520 ng g − 1 (Filipovic et al, 2015;Hale et al, 2017;Houtz et al, 2013;Kupryianchyk et al, 2016). These concentrations are far away from those found in this study which were between 0.1 and 1.7 ng g − 1 d.w., suggesting that PFASs were not present in the materials used to extinguish the forest fire.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Emerging contaminants related to the occurrence of forest fires in the Spanish Mediterranean

Campo

Lorenzo

Cammeraat

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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Forest fires can be a source of contamination because, among others, of the use of chemicals to their extinction (flame retardants, FRs), or by the production of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from high temperature alteration of organic matter. Up to our knowledge, this study is the first to assess the direct (PAHs 16 on the USA EPA's priority list), and indirect [tri- to hepta- brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)] contamination related to forest fires. The abundance and distribution of these contaminants were monitored on two Mediterranean hillslopes, one burned and one unburned, near Azuébar (SE Spain). Samples were taken in the foot, middle, and top of the slope, at two depths, and in two environments (under canopy and bare soil). Sediments were collected from sediment fences after erosive rainfall events. Most of the screened compounds were found in both, burned and control hillslopes, though significant differences were found between both. In burned soil, low concentrations of PBDEs (maximum ΣPBDEs: 7.3ngg), PFRs (664.4ngg) and PFASs (56.4ngg) were detected in relation to PAHs (Σ16 PAHs=1255.3ngg). No significant influence of the hillslope position was observed for any of the contaminants but differences based on depth and vegetation presence tended to be significant, particularly for the PAHs. After the first erosive event, concentrations of PBDEs and PAHs were higher in sediment than in soil (ΣPBDEs: 17.8ngg and Σ16 PAHs=3154.2ngg) pointing out the importance of connectivity processes, especially shortly after fire.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Emerging contaminants related to the occurrence of forest fires in the Spanish Mediterranean

Campo

Lorenzo

Cammeraat

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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“…This is a higher temperature than for other organic pollutants such as PCBs and PAHs, which showed high removal at 400˚C [43,44]. The high removal using thermal desorption can be compared to stabilization techniques where the leaching of PFASs to the aqueous phase can be reduced by >99% [59,26], but comparably higher than using granulated activated carbon or anion exchange for PFAS removal in drinking water [60]. Although soil stabilization techniques have shown high removal from leachate water, their long-term performance is still unknown, while thermal desorption removes PFASs from the soil and thereby reducing the risks of leaching into the aquatic environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal desorption as a high removal remediation technique for soils contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)

2020

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Soils contaminated with per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are an important source for impacting drinking water delivery systems and surface water bodies worldwide , posing an urgent risk to human health and environmental quality. However, few treatment techniques have been tested for PFAS-contaminated soil hotspots. This study investigated the possibility of thermal desorption as a possible technique to remediate soils contaminated with multiple PFASs. Two fortified soils (∑ 9 PFAS � 4 mg kg-1) and one field-contaminated soil (∑ 9 PFAS � 0.025 mg kg-1) were subjected to a 75-min thermal treatment at temperatures ranging from 150 to 550˚C. Soil concentrations of PFASs showed a significant decrease at 350˚C, with the ∑ 9 PFAS concentration decreasing by, on average, 43% and 79% in the fortified and field contaminated soils, respectively. At 450˚C, >99% of PFASs were removed from the fortified soils, while at 550˚C the fraction removed ranged between 71 and 99% for the field contaminated soil. In the field contaminated soil, PFAS classes with functional groups of sulfonates (PFSAs) and sulfonamides (FOSAs) showed higher removal than the perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs). Thus thermal desorption has the potential to remove a wide variety of PFASs from soil, although more studies are needed to investigate the cost-effectiveness, creation of transformation products, and air-phase vacuum filtration techniques.

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“…However, these parameters can be designed in order to obtain a material with desired characteristics which often entails a high SA and high porosity 11,30 . The amendment of BC to water 10,13,21,28 , soil 14,21 and sediment 31 for the remediation of metals and organic contaminants has been demonstrated.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Freundlich isotherm (equation 2) was used to model sorption as has been carried out previously 11,13,14,28,30,40 .…”

Section: Sorption Isothermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sorbent amendment is one relatively novel remediation strategy that allows metals 9,10 and organic contaminants [11][12][13][14][15] to be sequestered and rendered immobile 16 for uptake in biota or transport to groundwater. Carbonaceous materials are often used for this purpose and they are amended in small doses to contaminated soils and sediments 12,[17][18][19] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sorption of α-, β-, γ- and δ-hexachlorocyclohexane isomers to three widely different biochars: Sorption mechanisms and application

Silvani

Cornelissen

2019

Chemosphere

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Within this study different biochars (BC) with widely varying characteristics have been tested as materials for the adsorption of hexachlorocyclohexane's (HCH) isomers (α, β, γ and δ) from water. Three BCs produced from digestate (700 ºC), greenhouse tomato waste (550 ºC) and durian shell (400 ºC) were tested. The BCs demonstrated variable physico-chemical characteristics, especially with respect to surface area, with CO 2-surface area ranging from 5.4 to 328.6 m 2 g-1 and iron content ranging from 0.0733 to 11.17 g kg-1. Isotherm tests were carried out to understand which mechanisms drive HCH uptake to BC, to assess whether stereochemistry affects adsorption and to assess whether competitive sorption occurs. Log K F values ranged from 3.7 to 5.8 (µg kg-1) (µg L-1)-n for the various isomers on the three biochars. No competition (t-test, P < 0.0001) was observed between α-, β-, γand δ-HCH. Freundlich adsorption constants of α-, γand δ-HCH followed the order: BC digestate > BC greenhouse tomato waste > BC durian shell, in contrast to β-HCH which followed the order: BC durian shell > BC greenhouse tomato waste > BC digestate. In addition to stereochemistry, sorption

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Treatment of sites contaminated with perfluorinated compounds using biochar amendment

Cited by 90 publications

References 32 publications

Emerging contaminants related to the occurrence of forest fires in the Spanish Mediterranean

Emerging contaminants related to the occurrence of forest fires in the Spanish Mediterranean

Thermal desorption as a high removal remediation technique for soils contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)

Sorption of α-, β-, γ- and δ-hexachlorocyclohexane isomers to three widely different biochars: Sorption mechanisms and application

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