Treatment of Sewage Sludge Using Anaerobic Digestion in Malaysia: Current State and Challenges

“…Sewage sludge, an organic waste from wastewater treatment plants, is expected to continue growing worldwide due to the rising number of households connected to central treatment plants [32]. The presence of untreated sewage sludge can afflict the surrounding environments since the sewage sludge's general compositions are recalcitrant organic pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blended Sewage Sludge–Palm Kernel Expeller to Enhance the Palatability of Black Soldier Fly Larvae for Biodiesel Production

Raksasat

Kiatkittipong

et al. 2021

Processes

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Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have been employed for valorizing organic waste materials as the larvae are able to consume organic waste and transform it into valuable larval biomass. In this study, BSFL were found to potentially reduce blended sewage sludge. The addition of palm kernel expeller (PKE) fortified the protein and lipid content in blended sewage sludge substrates, leading to larval growth enhancement. In addition, the larval weight also influenced the lipid yield and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile. However, the optimum ratio of sewage sludge to PKE had to be determined as excess PKE content could become a threat to larval growth by contributing to the reduction of non-fiber carbohydrates content in the feed, thereby resulting in the decrease in lipid yield and FAME content. In this work, a sewage sludge to PKE ratio of 2:3 proffered the highest larval weight gained at 46.99 ± 2.09 mg/larva. Meanwhile, a proportion of 3:2 of sewage sludge to PKE was able provide the highest lipid yield of 17 ± 1.77%. Furthermore, the FAME profile revealed the presence of a significant amount of saturated and monosaturated fatty acids, indicating a good quality biodiesel. Thus, BSFL-based biodiesel fed with blended sewage sludge and PKE could be utilized for producing a high quality biodiesel. However, further improvement on the amount of lipid yield and FAME content should be further investigated.

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“…Bioenergy recovery from biomass resources may be achieved via the employment of several biomass conversion pathways [1,2]. A review of literatures, however, highlights an upsurge in the application of anaerobic digestion (AD) technologies in recent times [3,4]. This observation may be reflective of the strategic preference of this conversion pathway due to its capability to facilitate a simultaneous management of high moisture organic waste streams while also generating bioenergy in the form of biogas at a reduced cost [2,5].…”

Section: Introduction: Hydrogen Sulphide (H 2 S) Formation During Anamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biogas product is typically composed of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and biomethane (CH 4 ) which are present in volumetric percentages of 30-40% and 60-70%, respectively [6]. However, although AD technologies for biogas production can be employed in the conversion of a multitude of organic streams to biogas under the action of suitable microbes, the degradation of sulphur containing organics, i.e., proteins, and the reduction of anionic species, i.e., SO 4 2− , will result in the associated generation of hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S)…”

Section: Introduction: Hydrogen Sulphide (H 2 S) Formation During Anamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations (1)- (5) illustrate the formation of soluble sulphides (HS − ) via reactions involving intermediate products of the anaerobic digestion (AD) of acetates (Equation (1)), propionates (Equations (2) and (3)), and butyrates (Equations (4) and (5)). This shows that sulphate reducers will outcompete with methanogens because they have better affinities for acetate and H 2 [16].…”

Section: Introduction: Hydrogen Sulphide (H 2 S) Formation During Anamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Desulphurisation of Biogas: A Systematic Qualitative and Economic-Based Quantitative Review of Alternative Strategies

Okoro

Sun

2019

ChemEngineering

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The desulphurisation of biogas for hydrogen sulphide (H2S) removal constitutes a significant challenge in the area of biogas research. This is because the retention of H2S in biogas presents negative consequences on human health and equipment durability. The negative impacts are reflective of the potentially fatal and corrosive consequences reported when biogas containing H2S is inhaled and employed as a boiler biofuel, respectively. Recognising the importance of producing H2S-free biogas, this paper explores the current state of research in the area of desulphurisation of biogas. In the present paper, physical–chemical, biological, in-situ, and post-biogas desulphurisation strategies were extensively reviewed as the basis for providing a qualitative comparison of the strategies. Additionally, a review of the costing data combined with an analysis of the inherent data uncertainties due underlying estimation assumptions have also been undertaken to provide a basis for quantitative comparison of the desulphurisation strategies. It is anticipated that the combination of the qualitative and quantitative comparison approaches employed in assessing the desulphurisation strategies reviewed in the present paper will aid in future decisions involving the selection of the preferred biogas desulphurisation strategy to satisfy specific economic and performance-related targets.

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Treatment of Sewage Sludge Using Anaerobic Digestion in Malaysia: Current State and Challenges

Cited by 100 publications

References 36 publications

Development of Renewable Resources Based on Biomass Waste in Malaysia

Development of Renewable Resources Based on Biomass Waste in Malaysia

Blended Sewage Sludge–Palm Kernel Expeller to Enhance the Palatability of Black Soldier Fly Larvae for Biodiesel Production

Desulphurisation of Biogas: A Systematic Qualitative and Economic-Based Quantitative Review of Alternative Strategies

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