Treatment of self-injury by providing alternate sensory activities

Favell, Judith E.; McGimsey, James F.; Schell, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/0270-4684(82)90007-6

Cited by 215 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The results of this study were consistent with the findings of Favell et al (1982), showing that with some individuals, hand mouthing can be dramatically reduced simply by making available selected entertainment materials, particularly soft toys. For the participant in this study, the effectiveness of toys in reducing hand mouthing was undiminished by sustained exposure to the toys through all waking hours over two consecutive days, and was durable over the 2 months of the study, with no sign of diminishing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

An economical, humane, and effective method for short—term suppression of hand mouthing

Realon

Favell

Cacace

1995

Behavioral Interventions

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Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a serious health hazard, especially among individuals with severe and profound mental retardation, sometimes leading to drastic therapeutic measures. Environments in which there are long periods with minimal opportunities for constructive activity are conducive to the development of SIB, but even highly motivated, hard-working caregivers sometimes have difficulty providing sufficient personal interactions to prevent it. In this case study, one person's self-injurious hand mouthing was significantly reduced by analyzing her toy play and consistently providing her with preferred toys. The results showed that careful and consistent attention to assuring that preferred materials are available for self-entertainment may be an effective and efficient method for managing some cases of SIB during times when other activities and treatments are unavailable.It has been estimated that 7-16% of individuals with severe or profound mental retardation engage in hand mouthing to the extent that it becomes a treatment objective (Rast & Jack, 1992). Hand mouthing can result in red, swollen, calloused hands, sometimes with lesions that become infected. The behavior can be problematic because it can: (1) cause tissue damage, leading to infection and (in rare cases) loss of digits; (2) interfere with productive manual activities; and (3) interfere with social relationships and integration, due to the repugnant sight and smell it produces.In a recent summary of state of the art diagnosis and treatment for selfinjurious mouthing, Rast and Jack (1992) identified several problems with existing treatments. Developing an effective treatment is often difficult, sometimes requiring weeks of experimentation with various procedures and treatment parameters. Furthermore, treatments are often so labor intensive thatThe authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Jeanne Lyle for assistance with reliability observations. A special thanks to Dr. J. Iverson Riddle for his continuing support of research at Western Carolina Center. Requests for reprints can be obtained by writing the first author at

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

An economical, humane, and effective method for short—term suppression of hand mouthing

Realon

Favell

Cacace

1995

Behavioral Interventions

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“…Second, the results of a two-phase analysis were used to develop a highly effective, staff-implemented intervention containing no aversive elements. Third, the findings provided further support for some of the effects reported by Madden et al (1980) and Favell et al (1982). Further, paradoxical effects were found in the analysis of different levels of protective equipment (cf.…”

supporting

confidence: 61%

“…In one of only two studies examining environmental influences on pica, Madden, Russo, and Cataldo (1980) assessed mouthing responses of three preschool children of normal intelligence in three settings with varying degrees of environmental stimulation and found mouthing to be four to nine times greater in an impoverished environment (i.e., five household objects and no toys) than in either a group play or enriched individual play environment. In a similar study, Favell, McGimsey, and Schell (1982) found that profoundly retarded adolescents engaged in more nontoy pica when toys were available than when they were unavailable. However, rather than reducing all forms of pica, the availability of toys shifted the object of pica from potentially dangerous items (e.g., doth, paper) to toys that were too large to be ingested.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…However, rather than reducing all forms of pica, the availability of toys shifted the object of pica from potentially dangerous items (e.g., doth, paper) to toys that were too large to be ingested. Hypothesizing that pica was maintained by gustatory reinforcement, Favell et al (1982) introduced popcorn to the toys and notoys conditions, resulting in a dramatic decrease in nontoy pica. In a final phase of the study, popcorn was provided contingent on appropriate toy holding, which effected increased toy holding and marked decreases in all forms of pica.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Analysis and Treatment of Severe Pica

Mace

Knight

1986

J of App Behav Analysis

124

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A two-phase functional analysis of a profoundly retarded 19-year-old male's pica facilitated the design of an effective intervention containing no aversive components. In the first analysis, frequent staff-client interaction resulted in 25% and 66% less pica than limited and no interaction, respectively. Paradoxical effects were obtained in the second analysis, where no protective helmet resulted in 38% and 26% less pica than the helmet with face shield and helmet without face shield, respectively. On the basis of these analyses, limited interaction and no helmet conditions were combined in an effective, staff-implemented treatment at a medium-sized institution.

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“…Because the behavioral repertoires of these children are generally extremely restricted, any increase in environmental interaction seems worthwhile. Such interaction may provide the basis for building appropriate play (Eason, White, & Newsom, 1982;Favell, McGimsey, & Schell, 1982;, social behavior, and social reinforcers. In line with this, we should note that many behaviors provide "natural" sensory consequences (for example, turning on a tape recorder).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relative Motivational Properties of Sensory and Edible Reinforcers in Teaching Autistic Children

Rincover

Newsom

1985

J of App Behav Analysis

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We compared the effects of sensory and edible reinforcers on resistance to satiation in three autistic children while learning visual discrimination tasks. Within-subject designs were used to compare a single sensory reinforcer with a single edible reinforcer and to compare multiple sensory reinforcers with multiple edibles. Results indicated that multiple sensory reinforcers maintained responding over more trials than did multiple edible reinforcers; however, the use of single sensory reinforcers and single edibles resulted in about equal numbers of trials to satiation. Both multiple and single sensory reinforcers produced higher percentages of correct responses than edible reinforcers. The findings are discussed in terms of the advantages of sensory reinforcers in teaching autistic children.

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Treatment of self-injury by providing alternate sensory activities

Cited by 215 publications

References 18 publications

An economical, humane, and effective method for short—term suppression of hand mouthing

An economical, humane, and effective method for short—term suppression of hand mouthing

Functional Analysis and Treatment of Severe Pica

The Relative Motivational Properties of Sensory and Edible Reinforcers in Teaching Autistic Children

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