Treatment of Salivary Gland Diseases: Established Knowledge, Current Challenges and New Insights

Mantsopoulos, Konstantinos

doi:10.3390/jcm11030802

Cited by 1 publication

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“…The underlying reason is that ultrasonic waves target specifically mineralized material leaving the organic material largely unaffected 7 . Intraductal shock-wave lithotripsy is effective but not the fastest method of treatment for difficult sialolithiasis, especially in the parotid gland which may require increased efforts using combination treatment 6 , 9 . In a retrospective study, sialolithiasis was found to be the most frequent pathology requiring the extirpation of the submandibular gland, accounting for 73.5% of cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of biological components for sialolith formation organized in circular multi-layers

Sodnom-Ish

Cho

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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According to the previous studies of sialolithiasis reported so far, this study is aimed to identify the biological components of sialolith, which show different ultrastructures and chemical compositions from other stones, cholelith and urolith. Twenty-two specimens obtained from 20 patients were examined histologically, and analyzed with micro-CT, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All sialoliths (n = 22) observed in this study showed a central nidus, which was filled with organoid matrix admixed with exosome vesicles, loose calcium apatite crystals, and many bacteria. The micro-CT and SEM observation clearly defined a single or multiple central nidus(es) encircled by highly calcified compact zone. The circular compact zone showed a band-like calcification, about 1–3 mm in thickness, and usually located between the central nidus and the peripheral multilayer zone. But some sialoliths (n = 5) showed severe erosion of compact zone by expanding multilayered zone depending on the level of calcification and inflammation in sialolith. By observing TEM images, many exosome vesicles and degraded cytoplasmic organelles were found in the central nidus, and some epithelial cells were also found in the calcified matrix of peripheral multilayer zone. Particularly, EDS analysis indicated the highest Ca/P ratio in the intermediate compact zone (1.77), and followed by the central nidus area (1.39) and the peripheral multilayer zone (0.87). Taken together, these data suggest that the central nidus containing many inflammatory exosomes and degraded cytoplasmic organelles has a potential to induce a band-like calcification of compact zone, and followed by the additional multilayer deposition of exfoliated salivary epithelial cells as well as salivary materials. Thereby, the calcium apatite-based sialolith is gradually growing in its volume size, and eventually obstructs the salivary flow and provides a site for the bacterial infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of biological components for sialolith formation organized in circular multi-layers

Sodnom-Ish

Cho

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Treatment of Salivary Gland Diseases: Established Knowledge, Current Challenges and New Insights

Abstract: In the last two decades, a change in paradigm has taken place in the management of salivary gland diseases [...]

Cited by 1 publication

References 5 publications

Identification of biological components for sialolith formation organized in circular multi-layers

Identification of biological components for sialolith formation organized in circular multi-layers

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