Treatment of Resectable Gallbladder Cancer

Vega, Eduardo A.; Mellado, Sebastián; Salehi, Omid; Freeman, Richard; Conrad, Claudius

doi:10.3390/cancers14061413

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The three major clusters were surgery therapy, mechanism research-related study, and non-surgery therapy, representing the clinical research and basic research. Radical surgery remains the only curative treatment for resectable GBC ( 20 ). Since only 10% of patients have the opportunity of a radical resection, systemic therapy became an important subject of research ( 21 , 22 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Publication Trends of Research on Gallbladder Cancer During 2001–2021: A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis

et al. 2022

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Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the lethal cancers with an extremely poor prognosis. In the recent 20 years, research on GBC has developed rapidly. Here we aim to perform a systematical bibliometric analysis on the current foci and status of GBC research. This study analyzes trends in GBC research and compares contributions from different countries and regions, institutions, and authors. All publications in GBC research from 2001 to 2021 in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database were collected. Microsoft Excel 2010 and GraphPad Prism 9 were used to analyze publication data and publication trends. VOSviewer 1.6.17 was adapted to generate a visual network of keywords in surgical training research. A total of 3,323 publications were included. China was the most productive country, with the highest number of publications (n = 900, 27.08%). Shanghai Jiaotong University and Roa JC were the most productive institution and authors, contributing 215 and 89 publications, respectively. Keywords were classified into five clusters, each representing a key topic. The main clusters of GBC are related to surgery therapy, mechanism research-related study, and non-surgery therapy, while migration is the current hotspot of GBC research. The scientific progression of GBC research over the past two decades was comprehensively analyzed by this bibliometric study. Finding deeper mechanisms in the migration of GBC cells, new biomarkers, and highly effective nomograms will be the major problems and directions in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Publication Trends of Research on Gallbladder Cancer During 2001–2021: A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…An international multicentre study in 2015 showed that patients with T2h had higher vascular invasion, neural invasion, and lymph node metastasis than patients with T2p, and T2h were often associated with worse prognosis [13]. The gallbladder adjacent to the hepatic side has no serosal layer, there are as many as 20 (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) gallbladder veins, and the tumour easily metastasises to the liver bed through the gallbladder veins [14]. RC was found in 31.4% of patients after index cholecystectomy, with the liver being the most common residual site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although surgical resection has an irreplaceable role in managing IGC, surgical treatment alone is unlikely to be su cient in patients with RC or stage III-IV disease, and systemic treatment has an important emerging role [15,16]. However, systematic reviews and meta-analyses pointed out that there is no strong evidence that adjuvant therapy is effective in GBC patients undergoing radical resection and only has some bene t in patients with positive lymph node disease, and positive surgical margins, or advanced disease [17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual cancer is a strong predictor of survival in T3 incidental gallbladder cancer

You

Xie

Ling

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background and PurposeIndex cholecystectomy is insufficient for curing T3 incidental gallbladder cancer (IGC), and once residual cancer (RC) is found, the prognosis is often poor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RC on the prognosis and the optimal choice of adjuvant therapy for R0 reresection patients with T3 IGC.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data from patients with T3 IGC who underwent radical reresection from January 2013 to December 2018. RC was defined as histologically proven cancer at reresection. Demographics and tumour treatment-related variables were analysed in correlation with RC and survival. Adjuvant (Adj) chemoradiotherapy (CRT) was correlated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).ResultsOf the 167 patients with IGC who underwent surgery, 102 underwent radical extended resection. Thirty-two (31.4%) RCs were found. Hepatic side tumours (T3h) and both side tumours (T3h+T3p) were associated with the presence of RC. In multivariate analysis, RC and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors for DFS and OS (P <0.05). RC was associated with a significantly shorter median OS (20 vs. 53 months; P<0.01) and DFS (11 vs. 40 months; P<0.001) despite R0 resection. For R0 reresection patients with RC and/or lymph node metastasis, Adj CRT significantly improved OS (P=0.024).ConclusionResidual cancer and lymphatic metastasis are important factors for the poor prognosis of T3 IGC despite R0 resection, and these patients should actively receive adjuvant therapy.

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“…Although surgical resection has an irreplaceable role in managing IGC, surgical treatment alone is unlikely to be sufficient in patients with RC or stage III-IV disease, and systemic treatment has an important emerging role [ 15 , 16 ]. However, systematic reviews and meta-analyses pointed out that there is no strong evidence that adjuvant therapy is effective in GBC patients undergoing radical resection and only has some benefit in patients with positive lymph node disease, and positive surgical margins, or advanced disease [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual cancer is a strong predictor of survival in T3 incidental gallbladder cancer

et al. 2022

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Background and purpose Index cholecystectomy is insufficient for curing T3 incidental gallbladder cancer (IGC), and once residual cancer (RC) is found, the prognosis is often poor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RC on the prognosis and the optimal choice of adjuvant therapy for R0 reresection patients with T3 IGC. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data from patients with T3 IGC who underwent radical reresection from January 2013 to December 2018. RC was defined as histologically proven cancer at reresection. Demographics and tumour treatment-related variables were analysed in correlation with RC and survival. Adjuvant (Adj) chemoradiotherapy (CRT) was correlated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results Of the 167 patients with IGC who underwent surgery, 102 underwent radical extended resection. Thirty-two (31.4%) RCs were found. Hepatic side tumours (T3h) and both side tumours (T3h + T3p) were associated with the presence of RC. In multivariate analysis, RC and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors for DFS and OS (P < 0.05). RC was associated with a significantly shorter median OS (20 vs. 53 months; P < 0.01) and DFS (11 vs. 40 months; P < 0.001) despite R0 resection. For R0 reresection patients with RC and/or lymph node metastasis, Adj CRT significantly improved OS (P = 0.024). Conclusion Residual cancer and lymphatic metastasis are important factors for the poor prognosis of T3 IGC despite R0 resection, and these patients should actively receive adjuvant therapy.

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Treatment of Resectable Gallbladder Cancer

Cited by 16 publications

References 108 publications

Publication Trends of Research on Gallbladder Cancer During 2001–2021: A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis

Publication Trends of Research on Gallbladder Cancer During 2001–2021: A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis

Residual cancer is a strong predictor of survival in T3 incidental gallbladder cancer

Residual cancer is a strong predictor of survival in T3 incidental gallbladder cancer

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