Treatment of produced water from Niger Delta oil fields using simultaneous mixture of local materials

Abstract

Produced water (PW) from petroleum reservoirs often contains heavy metals and other contaminants that are harmful to the environment. Most of the commonly used treatment techniques have been reported to be ineffective in reducing some of the contaminants’ concentrations to recommended disposal levels. This study evaluated the effectiveness of four selected bio-adsorbents combined for treating PW from Niger Delta oil fields. In this study, orange peels (I), banana peels (II), sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) (III) and palm kernel fibers (IV) were washed with distilled water, sun-dried (24 h) and dried in the oven at 105 ± 5 °C (3 h, I and II), 150 °C (30 min, III) and 80 °C (3 h, IV). They were ground into powder, sieved (150 μ, Group A) and (300 μ, Group B), washed with 0.4 mol/L HNO3, filtered and rinsed with distilled water. Samples of PW were obtained from fields R, X, and Y in the Niger Delta and analysed for heavy metals using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Samples were treated in adsorption column over 6 h using the adsorbents simultaneously. Treated samples were analysed with AAS and characterised. Adsorption of heavy metals were assessed using Langmuir and Freundlich models. Data were analysed using regression and other statistical methods. For the 150 μ size of sample R, the percentage reductions for the metal concentrations (Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Cr, Zn, Mn, Ca, Ar, B, Sn and Ba) were found to be 100%, 52.7%, 100%, 100%, 85.87%, 19.48%, 100%, 92.8%, 17.74%, 98.86%, 22.32%, 29.56%, 78.06% and 44.74%, respectively, while the reduction in 300 μ size were 1.52%, 97.2%, 71.4%, 17.1%, 43.8%, 45.6%, 7.04%, 89.6%, 35.4%, 99.6%, 0.0001%, 1.19%, 14.19% and 0.002%, respectively. The finer adsorbents were more effective. Similar results were obtained for PW samples from the other fields. Produced water from Niger Delta oil fields was effectively treated of contaminants using four selected bio-adsorbents mixed simultaneously.

Ecological Effects of Local Materials in Landscape Design based on Machine Learning

“…e generator G uses a binary cross-entropy loss function to optimize the model. For the generator model, the goal is to minimize the formula, which is expressed as follows [9]:…”

Sheep Dung Ash as a Low-Cost Adsorbent for the Reduction of COD of Highly Polluted Oilfield-Produced Water

“…The presence of these pollutants in produced water is the reason for the increased toxicity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and turbidity of produced water [4]. Due to the need for new water sources and the strictness of effluent discharge quality standards, it has become necessary to find solutions to treat these large quantities of polluted water to be reused or disposed of without polluting the environment [6]. The main methods used to treat produced water are physical treatment, chemical treatment, biological treatment, membrane treatment, and advanced oxidation processes [7].…”

Comparative study of improved treatment of oil produced-water using pure and chemically-impregnated activated carbon of banana peels and Luffa cylindrica

“…Petroleum is produced with large volumes of water (Igunnu and Chen, 2014;Nonato et al, 2018;Gbadegesin et al, 2022) typically called Produced Water (PW). Thus, the petroleum industry is characterized by prolific wastewater generation during extraction and development activities (Beech, 2006;Udeagbara et al,2021). Produce water constitutes the largest volume wastewater stream from oil field operations and contains large amounts of salt, scale products, and hazardous substances including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), radioactive materials, heavy metals (HM) and others resulting in the contamination of the environment (Neff et al, 1992;Igunnu and Chen, 2014;Olajire, 2020;Udeagbara et al, 2021).…”

“…Thus, the petroleum industry is characterized by prolific wastewater generation during extraction and development activities (Beech, 2006;Udeagbara et al,2021). Produce water constitutes the largest volume wastewater stream from oil field operations and contains large amounts of salt, scale products, and hazardous substances including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), radioactive materials, heavy metals (HM) and others resulting in the contamination of the environment (Neff et al, 1992;Igunnu and Chen, 2014;Olajire, 2020;Udeagbara et al, 2021). Among these contaminants, heavy metals are of particular interest because of their non-biodegradability, long-term persistence in the environment, and adverse impacts on human and environmental health (Kostecka et al, 2014;Nowicki et al, 2016;Ani et al, 2019;Briffa et al, 2020).…”

“…In Nigeria, PW is a major environmental pollutant in areas where oil exploration and production activities are ongoing, the disposal of the PW interferes with environmental sustainability, making PW treatment mandatory prior to discharge into the environment. This has led to increase in research works on plausible treatment management options (Joel et al, 2010;Isehunwa and Onovae, 2011;Onyema et al, 2015;Ofili et al, 2015;Udeagbara et al, 2021). Whilst, many treatment technologies for the management of PW exists, efficient treatment methods that are cost-effective and environmentally sustainable remain a challenge (Nwosi-Anele et al, 2016;Nonato, 2018) and as such requires further development.…”