Treatment of premenstrual syndrome with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist in a low dose regimen

Sundström, Inger; Nyberg, Sigrid; Bixo, Marie; Hammarbäck, Stefan; Bäckström, Torbjörn

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0412.1999.781011.x

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The effects on daily life caused by symptoms were graded using a Likert scale (tick boxes) from 0 to 8, where 0 indicates complete absence of a particular symptom and 8 represents the maximum severity of the symptom. One scale step is enough to detect a difference in mood experience, as shown in a study of symptom severity in women with PMS (21). The Umeå University Ethical Committee and the National Medical Products Agency approved the study design.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone effects during sequential hormone replacement therapy

Andréen

Bixo

Nyberg

et al. 2003

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: The aim was to investigate the effect on mood and the physical symptoms of two dosages of natural progesterone and a placebo in postmenopausal women with and without a history of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Design: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study was performed. Method: Postmenopausal women ðn ¼ 36Þ with climacteric symptoms were recruited. They received 2 mg estradiol continuously during three 28-day cycles. Vaginal progesterone suppositories with 800 mg/day, 400 mg/day, or placebo were added sequentially for 14 days per cycle. Daily symptom ratings using a validated rating scale were kept. Results: Women without a history of PMS showed cyclicity in both negative mood and physical symptoms while on 400 mg/day progesterone but not on the higher dose or the placebo. Women without a history of PMS had more physical symptoms on progesterone treatment compared with placebo. Women with prior PMS reported no progesterone-induced symptom cyclicity. Conclusion: In women without prior PMS natural progesterone caused negative mood effects similar to those induced by synthetic progestogens.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone effects during sequential hormone replacement therapy

Andréen

Bixo

Nyberg

et al. 2003

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…A cyclicity diagnosis of PMS was made using a previously validated rating scale called Cyclicity Diagnoser (CD) [16]. The CD scale consists of four negative mood parameters (depression, fatigue, irritability, tension), three positive mood parameters (cheerfulness, friendliness, energy), and four somatic symptoms (headache, swelling, breast tenderness and menstrual bleeding).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Postural Control during the Luteal Phase in Women with Premenstrual Symptoms

et al. 2005

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The purpose of this study was to investigate postural control in women with and without premenstrual symptoms (PMS) in three hormonally verified phases of the menstrual cycle. Thirty-two women were recruited to participate in the study and 25 of these women were included in the results. Menstrual cycle phases were determined by sex hormone analyses in serum and LH detection in urine. A prospective rating of PMS was used to divide the subjects into two groups: one with PMS (cyclic) and one without (non-cyclic). For measurement of postural control, subjects stood on a force platform (AMTI^®) in two-legged stance (eyes open and closed) and one-legged stance (eyes open and closed). There were no significant differences in the two-legged stance between the phases of the menstrual cycle or between groups. In one-legged stance with eyes open, there was a significant increase in postural displacement in the mid-luteal phase in the cyclic group, but no differences were detected between phases in the non-cyclic group. These findings may be related to the previously reported increased injury rate and psychomotor slowing in the luteal phase in women with PMS.

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“…The scale comprises menstrual bleeding and 15 physical and mood symptoms relevant for the diagnosis Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) according to DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association 1994; Sundstrom et al 1999a). …”

Section: Likert Scale For Prospective Symptom Ratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of isoallopregnanolone in healthy women

et al. 2008

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Rationale: The pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects of isoallopregnanolone (3β-hydoxy-5α-pregnan-20-one) in women are not known.Objectives: Allopregnanolone (3α-hydoxy-5α-pregnan-20-one) is a well known neurosteriod, acting via the GABA A receptor in the human brain. The naturally occurring progesterone metabolite isoallopregnanolone is the 3β-stereoisomer of allopregnanolone. Prior studies have concluded that isoallopregnanolone has no effect on the GABA A receptor. However, an antagonistic effect of isoallopregnanolone to allopregnanolone on the GABA A receptor has been shown in animal and in vitro studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects of isoallopregnanolone in humans.Methods: Six healthy women were given three increasing doses of isoallopregnanolone intravenously in the follicular phase. Repeated blood samples for analyses of isoallopregnanolone and allopregnanolone concentrations were drawn. Saccadic eye movement variables, self rated sedation and mood rating scales were used during the test day.A Likert scale for prospective symptoms was used to measure daily fluctuations during the ongoing menstrual cycle.Results: Exogenously administered isoallopregnanolone produced a dose dependent increase in the serum concentration of isoallopregnanolone. In parallel there was also a rise in the allopregnanolone concentration. There was a decrease in saccade eye movement variables, but no effect was found on self-rated sedation or mood and no changes were seen in prospective symptoms during the menstrual cycle.Conclusions: After administration of isoallopregnanolone at a cumulative dose of 0.20 mg/kg, no adverse effects were observed. There is a metabolism of isoallopregnanolone to allopregnanolone, most likely explaining the effects on the saccadic eye movements.3

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Treatment of premenstrual syndrome with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist in a low dose regimen

Abstract: GnRH treatment significantly reduced premenstrual depression and irritability. However, low dose GnRH therapy is prone to induce anovulation, particularly with increasing age.

Cited by 38 publications

References 21 publications

Progesterone effects during sequential hormone replacement therapy

Progesterone effects during sequential hormone replacement therapy

Altered Postural Control during the Luteal Phase in Women with Premenstrual Symptoms

Studies of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of isoallopregnanolone in healthy women

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