Objective: This prospective, observational study evaluated the safety and efficacy of superficial femoral artery autograft reconstruction in the treatment of popliteal artery aneurysms in the absence of a suitable saphenous vein. Methods: From March 1997 to April 2007, data from patients with popliteal artery aneurysms treated by superficial femoral artery reconstruction were prospectively collected in two centers. The procedure was performed through a medial approach. The superficial femoral artery was harvested in the upper third of the thigh and used as the conduit for reconstruction, and the harvested segment was replaced by a polytetrafluoroethylene graft. The patients were observed for survival, limb salvage, and reconstruction patency. The results were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: During the 10-year study period, 37 popliteal artery aneurysms in 32 patients (all men; median age, 71 years) were treated by reconstruction using the superficial femoral artery. Indications for surgical treatment were symptomatic or complicated aneurysms in 11 (30%). Four (11%) of the 37 popliteal artery aneurysms were thrombosed, and 33 (89%) were patent. At surgery, 35% had a single vessel runoff. Because of acute ischemia, reconstruction was performed as an emergency procedure in three patients (8%). There were no perioperative deaths, early amputations, or early thrombosis. The mean follow-up period was 36 months (range, 7-103 months). Two grafts thrombosed during follow-up. At 3 years, the primary and secondary patency rates were 86% and 96%, and overall limb salvage was 100%. Follow-up duplex ultrasonography did not detect any aneurysmal dilatation of the autograft. Conclusion: Our experience shows that superficial femoral arterial reconstruction is a safe and useful treatment option in patients with popliteal artery aneurysms who lack suitable saphenous veins. This reconstruction seems to be a good alternative to prosthetic bypass crossing the knee joint, and our results suggest that this study should be continued. ( J Vasc Surg 2008;48:311-6.)