“…The implant surface can be cleaned by mechanical (an airpowder abrasive) or chemical (citric acid, H 2 O 2 , chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) or EDTA) procedures or with laser irradiation (CO 2 , diode, Er:YAG or Nd:YAG) (Roos-Jansaker et al, 2003;Schwarz et al, 2006). To support antimicrobial treatment, topical and/or systemic antibiotics may be administered (Roos-Jansaker et al, 2003). After removal of damaged tissues from the peri-implant pocket, surgical treatment (guided tissue regeneration with or without the use of bone grafts and barrier membranes) promotes regeneration of any bone defect (Khoury & Buchmann, 2001;Roos-Jansaker et al, 2003).…”