Treatment of perfluoroalkyl acids in concentrated wastes from regeneration of spent ion exchange resin by electrochemical oxidation using Magnéli phase Ti4O7 anode

Wang, Lu; Nickelsen, Michael G.; Chiang, Sheau-Yun Dora; Woodard, Steven; Wang, Yaye; Liang, Shangtao; Mora, Rebecca; Fontanez, Raymond; Anderson, Hunter; Huang, Qingguo

doi:10.1016/j.ceja.2020.100078

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…However, the increase in short-chain PFAS (PFBA, PFBS, PFPeA, and PFHxA) concentration was observed which was concluded to possible incomplete degradation of precursors and long-chain PFAAs. The authors also mentioned that no considerable adsorption of PFAS on the magnéli phase anode was detected and the removal of PFAS was mostly attributed to electrochemical reactions (Wang et al 2020a).…”

Section: Electrooxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and removal of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants

Barışçı

Suri

2021

Water Science and Technology

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The presence of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has caused serious problems for drinking water supplies especially at intake locations close to PFAS manufacturing facilities, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and sites where PFAS-containing firefighting foam was regularly used. Although monitoring is increasing, knowledge on PFAS occurrences particularly in municipal and industrial effluents is still relatively low. Even though the production of C8-based PFAS has been phased out, they are still being detected at many WWTPs. Emerging PFAS such as GenX and F-53B are also beginning to be reported in aquatic environments. This paper presents a broad review and discussion on the occurrence of PFAS in municipal and industrial wastewater which appear to be their main sources. Carbon adsorption and ion exchange are currently used treatment technologies for PFAS removal. However, these methods have been reported to be ineffective for the removal of short-chain PFAS. Several pioneering treatment technologies, such as electrooxidation, ultrasound, and plasma have been reported for PFAS degradation. Nevertheless, in-depth research should be performed for the applicability of emerging technologies for real-world applications. This paper examines different technologies and helps to understand the research needs to improve the development of treatment processes for PFAS in wastewater streams.

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Section: Electrooxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and removal of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants

Barışçı

Suri

2021

Water Science and Technology

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“…Methanol has previously been reported as the most effective regenerant for removing PFAS from anion exchange membranes (Gagliano et al, 2020). "Still bottom" refers to the liquid remaining after the ion exchange regenerant is distilled to remove methanol (Wang et al, 2021). Following distillation, the concentrated PFAS require secondary treatment to mitigate PFAS contamination.…”

Section: Electrooxidation For Ion Exchange Regenerantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following distillation, the concentrated PFAS require secondary treatment to mitigate PFAS contamination. In prior studies, electrooxidation of still bottom wastes resulted in 61% removal of total PFAS after 40 h of electrolysis using Ti 4 O 7 electrodes to treat mixtures of PFAS in pilot-scale ion exchange regenerants (Wang et al, 2021). For ion exchange regenerant applications, longer electrolysis times are likely needed due to the inevitably high concentrations of PFAS in regenerant waste streams as well as background regenerants such as methanol, which can lead to oxidant scavenging and background regenerants (such as methanol leading to oxidant scavenging) in regenerant waste streams.…”

Section: Electrooxidation For Ion Exchange Regenerantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrooxidation has been used to treat PFAS in ion exchange regenerant and still bottom brines (Schaefer et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2021). Regenerants from ion exchange resins for PFAS treatment typically contain a mixture of organic solvents (such as methanol) for desorbing PFAS from the resin and ionic constituents (e.g., chloride, sulfate, etc.)…”

Section: Electrocoagulation and Electrooxidation For Treating Pfas In Water Treatment Residualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yang et al (2019) determined that applying 50 mM H 2 O 2 successfully inhibited perchlorate production without decreasing PFAS treatment performance. The presence of 100–1000 mM methanol in ion exchange regenerant also decreased perchlorate formation during electrooxidation without compromising PFAS treatment performance (Wang et al, 2021). Additionally, Ti 4 O 7 ‐electrooxidation generated less perchlorate than boron‐doped diamond‐electrooxidation.…”

Section: Barriers To Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical technologies for per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances mitigation in drinking water and water treatment residuals

et al. 2021

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Water treatment technologies are needed that can convert per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) into inorganic products (e.g., CO 2 , F À ) that are less toxic than parent PFAS compounds. Research on electrochemical treatment processes such as electrocoagulation and electrooxidation has demonstrated proof-of-concept PFAS removal and destruction. However, research has primarily been conducted in laboratory matrices that are electrochemically favorable (e.g., high initial PFAS concentration [μg/L-mg/L], high conductivity, and absence of oxidant scavengers). Electrochemical treatment is also a promising technology for treating PFAS in water treatment residuals from nondestructive technologies (e.g., ion exchange, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis). Future electrochemical PFAS treatment research should focus on environmentally relevant PFAS concentrations (i.e., ng/L), matrix conductivity, natural organic matter impacts, short-chain PFAS removal, transformation products analysis, and systems-level analysis for cost evaluation.

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Functionalized bio‐adsorbents for removal of perfluoroalkyl substances: A perspective

Londhe

Chi

et al. 2021

AWWA Water Science

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Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are known as "forever chemicals" due to their ubiquitous persistence in the environment, and their negative human health effects. Among them, short-chain PFAS are of increasing concern due to their high solubility and mobility in water, while possessing persistency and toxicity nature like their longer-chain analogs. The most common method for PFAS removal from water is by sorption with activated carbons or ion exchange resins, but these adsorbents only exhibit limited removal efficiency against short-chain PFAS, and they require frequent replacement leading to high operational cost. Here we review and discuss the potential of using bio-adsorbents, which can be derived from common biomass feedstocks, as low-cost alternatives to traditional adsorbents, while these materials can also possess good removal efficiency against short-chain PFAS. We further provide the perspective on the designs of low-cost, activated bio-adsorbent systems that can be implemented for effective removal of short-chain PFAS.

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Treatment of perfluoroalkyl acids in concentrated wastes from regeneration of spent ion exchange resin by electrochemical oxidation using Magnéli phase Ti4O7 anode

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

Occurrence and removal of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants

Occurrence and removal of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants

Electrochemical technologies for per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances mitigation in drinking water and water treatment residuals

Functionalized bio‐adsorbents for removal of perfluoroalkyl substances: A perspective

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