Treatment of oil sands process-affected water using moving bed biofilm reactors: With and without ozone pretreatment

Shi, Yuejun; Huang, Chi‐Hsiang; Rocha, K. C.; El-Din, Mohamed Gamal; Liu, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.068

Cited by 66 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The role of fungi in these cocultures is thought to be the catalysis of extracellular oxidative reactions through enzymes similar to those used in lignin degradation (51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56), including fungal P450 monooxygenases (55). Random microbial preoxidation is a necessary prerequisite comparable to the chemical preoxidation (ozonation) required for the more effective metabolism of the high diversity of naturally occurring NAs (19)(20)(21). The involvement of oxidative exoenzymes of the fungus Pestalotiopsis in the biotransformation of extra-heavy crude oil has been demonstrated (63), and this organism has also been shown to be involved in the enhanced biodegradation of asphalt (64).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roles of Thermophiles and Fungi in Bitumen Degradation in Mostly Cold Oil Sands Outcrops

Wong

Caffrey

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Oil sands are surface exposed in river valley outcrops in northeastern Alberta, where flat slabs (tablets) of weathered, bitumensaturated sandstone can be retrieved from outcrop cliffs or from riverbeds. Although the average yearly surface temperature of this region is low (0.7°C), we found that the temperatures of the exposed surfaces of outcrop cliffs reached 55 to 60°C on sunny summer days, with daily maxima being 27 to 31°C. Analysis of the cooccurrence of taxa derived from pyrosequencing of 16S/18S rRNA genes indicated that an aerobic microbial network of fungi and hydrocarbon-, methane-, or acetate-oxidizing heterotrophic bacteria was present in all cliff tablets. Metagenomic analyses indicated an elevated presence of fungal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in these samples. This network was distinct from the heterotrophic community found in riverbeds, which included fewer fungi. A subset of cliff tablets had a network of anaerobic and/or thermophilic taxa, including methanogens, Firmicutes, and Thermotogae, in the center. Long-term aerobic incubation of outcrop samples at 55°C gave a thermophilic microbial community. Analysis of residual bitumen with a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer indicated that aerobic degradation proceeded at 55°C but not at 4°C. Little anaerobic degradation was observed. These results indicate that bitumen degradation on outcrop surfaces is a largely aerobic process with a minor anaerobic contribution and is catalyzed by a consortium of bacteria and fungi. Bitumen degradation is stimulated by periodic high temperatures on outcrop cliffs, which cause significant decreases in bitumen viscosity.T he world's largest oil sands deposit, located in western Canada, is contained in Lower Cretaceous sandstone formations in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin at depths of 0 to 800 m below the surface (mbs) (1, 2). Surface oil sands deposits are found in river valley outcrops (Fig. 1), where they are further changed by oxidative biodegradation and weathering.Oil sands hydrocarbon formed 84 million to 55 million years ago in tide-controlled river and estuarine sediment source rock, from where it migrated upwards and eastwards to accumulate at the northeastern margins of the basin centered around Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada (2-4). The oil became severely biodegraded during this journey and following its placement at low depth and low temperature in the Athabasca, Cold Lake, and Peace River oil sands deposits that exist today. Biodegradation of low-molecular-weight components caused the oil to become more viscous, with the viscosity ranging from 1 cP for initially formed nondegraded light oil to 10 6 cP for heavily biodegraded, eastern Athabasca oil sands bitumen, which is currently in place (5-11). Bitumen is therefore depleted of low-molecular-weight aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and enriched in polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including alkylnaphthalenes or alkylphenanthrenes, as well as in naphthenic acids (NAs), resins, and asphaltenes (12)(13)(14). The ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Degradation in ponds has been found to be slow. It is promoted by random oxidation (e.g., chemical ozonation), in which reactive oxygen species generate smaller, less diverse substrates for subsequent biodegradation (19)(20)(21). The oil sands are naturally exposed to the surface in outcrop sections along the Athabasca-Clearwater River drainage networks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Roles of Thermophiles and Fungi in Bitumen Degradation in Mostly Cold Oil Sands Outcrops

Wong

Caffrey

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Choi and Liu (2014) demonstrated that 12% of COD and 8.7% of the AEF were removed in an activated sludge-sequencing batch reactor (AS-SBR), and 20% of COD and 16.6% of the AEF were removed in a mature fine tailings-sequencing batch reactor (MFT-SBR). Using 8.5 L moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) with polyethylene carriers as support media, Shi et al (2015) observed the removal of 18.3% of the AEF and 34.8% of the NAs without OSPW ozonation and removal of 41% of the AEF and 78.8% of the NAs with OSPW ozonation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Bioreactor technology exploits the degradation of organic compounds through reactions mediated by microbial aggregates (i.e., flocs and biofilms) formed in activated sludge, and has been used effectively for OSPW reclamation (Hwang et al, 2013;Choi and Liu, 2014;Shi et al, 2015;Huang et al, 2015). Hwang et al (2013), using attached biofilms, observed that 41.0% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 18.5% NAs, and 13.8% of the AEF were removed from OSPW in a 1 L continuous flow biofilm reactor operated in batch mode for 24 h Islam et al (2014a) observed 62% of COD, 88% of AEF and 99.9% of classical NAs removal with HRT of 8.5 h using a 0.3 L fluidized bed biofilm reactor (FBBR) with granular activated carbon (GAC) as support media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of ozonation combined with integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) in the treatment of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW)

Huang

Shi

El-Din

et al. 2016

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

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“…Different studies have jointly used various techniques for treating wastewater that fall within the definition of this combination category such as moving bed biofilm reactor with ozone [63] and SBR with Fenton reaction [64].…”

Section: Combined Processes For Producing High Quality Effluentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review on Processes and Energy Profile of the Australian Meat Processing Industry

et al. 2017

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This review article addresses wastewater treatment methods in the red meat processing industry. The focus is on conventional chemicals currently in use for abattoir wastewater treatment and energy related aspects. In addition, this article discusses the use of cleaning and sanitizing agents at the meat processing facilities and their effect on decision making in regard to selecting the treatment methods. This study shows that cleaning chemicals are currently used at a concentration of 2% to 3% which will further be diluted with the bulk wastewater. For example, for an abattoir that produces 3500 m 3 /day wastewater and uses around 200 L (3%) acid and alkaline chemicals, the final concentration of these chemical will be around 0.00017%. For this reason, the effects of these chemicals on the treatment method and the environment are very limited. Chemical treatment is highly efficient in removing soluble and colloidal particles from the red meat processing industry wastewater. Actually, it is shown that, if chemical treatment has been applied, then biological treatment can only be included for the treatment of the solid waste by-product and/or for production of bioenergy. Chemical treatment is recommended in all cases and especially when the wastewater is required to be reused or released to water streams. This study also shows that energy consumption for chemical treatment units is insignificant while efficient compared to other physical or biological units. A combination of a main (ferric chloride) and an aid coagulant has shown to be efficient and cost-effective in treating abattoir wastewater. The cost of using this combination per cubic meter wastewater treated is 0.055 USD/m 3 compared to 0.11 USD/m 3 for alum and the amount of sludge produced is 77% less than that produced by alum. In addition, the residues of these chemicals in the wastewater and the sludge have a positive or no impact on biological processes. Energy consumption from a small wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) installed to recycle wastewater for a meet facility can be around $500,000.

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Treatment of oil sands process-affected water using moving bed biofilm reactors: With and without ozone pretreatment

Cited by 66 publications

References 32 publications

Roles of Thermophiles and Fungi in Bitumen Degradation in Mostly Cold Oil Sands Outcrops

Roles of Thermophiles and Fungi in Bitumen Degradation in Mostly Cold Oil Sands Outcrops

Optimization of ozonation combined with integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) in the treatment of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW)

A Critical Review on Processes and Energy Profile of the Australian Meat Processing Industry

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