Treatment of non‐tuberculous mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis in children: critical appraisal of the literature

Timmerman, M.K.; Morley, A.; Buwalda, Joeri

doi:10.1111/j.1749-4486.2008.01821.x

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…12,45,46 treatment options did no differ in MaC cases. the use of antimycobacterial drugs was considered as initial therapy because most children had an advanced clinical stage at diagnosis, often with multiple location involvement and fistulization, and, therefore, surgery was not initially thought to be feasible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Comparison of Mycobacterium lentiflavum and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex Lymphadenitis

Jiménez-Montero

Baquero-Artigao

Saavedra-Lozano

et al. 2014

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Comparison of Mycobacterium lentiflavum and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex Lymphadenitis

Jiménez-Montero

Baquero-Artigao

Saavedra-Lozano

et al. 2014

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…Surgery is the core treatment for NTM lymphadenitis, with complete surgical excision being the mainstay of treatment whenever possible . In cases of incomplete excision of the infected lymph nodes, a macrolide‐containing drug regimen should be given after surgery .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphadenitis by non‐tuberculous mycobacteria in children

Loizos

Soteriades

Pieridou

et al. 2018

Pediatrics International

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Background Non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) constitute an important cause of cervical lymphadenitis in immunocompetent children. The aims of this study were to estimate the incidence of lymphadenitis due to NTM in children in Cyprus and to describe the characteristics, diagnostic approach, management and outcome of such infections. Methods Children aged 1–5 years old, evaluated at Archbishop Makarios III Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus, from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016 for lymphadenopathy, were included in the study. All children had positive lymph node culture for NTM. Results A total of 22 cases of culture‐positive lymphadenitis caused by NTM were reviewed. Patient age ranged from 16 to 55 months. Tuberculin skin test produced an induration in 81.0% of cases (diameter, 4–17 mm). Mycobacterium avium was isolated in 17 cases (77.3%), M. intracellulare in three (13.6%), M. paraffinicum in one (4.5%) and M. kansasii in one case (4.5%). All 22 patients underwent surgical excision of affected nodes. Additional anti‐mycobacterial treatment was given when complete excision was not achieved or for post‐surgical recurrence. Complications were few and included scar in three children and one case of transient facial nerve palsy. Conclusion Surgical excision of NTM‐infected lymph nodes is an effective diagnostic and therapeutic approach. When total surgical excision is not feasible, a combination of partial excision with a clarithromycin‐including drug regimen appears safe, effective and causes milder and fewer complications than surgery alone.

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“…2 For NTM, excisional biopsy may be both diagnostic and curative, 18 but the surgery carries some risk of nerve damage. 19 However, many providers prefer surgical excision over incision and drainage of lymph nodes infected with NTM, 20,21 likely because of risks of chronic draining fi stulas and poor cosmetic outcome associated with incomplete removal of infected tissue. 22 Antibiotic treatment of NTM most frequently involves a macrolide plus adjunctive agents such as …”

Section: Case Denouementmentioning

confidence: 99%