Treatment of monazite by organic acids II: Rare earth dissolution and recovery

Lazo, Daniel E.; Dyer, Laurence; Alorro, Richard Diaz; Browner, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.05.022

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Greater than 40% solubilization of Ce 3+ and La 3+ was obtained by Lazo et al [24] from an oxalic acid leaching following EDTA precipitation. Analysis of the solids determined that the REE were re-precipitating as oxalate salts [25]. Also, according to Figure 2, lactic acid was able to solubilize Ce 3+ (Figure 2A) while mixtures of lactic and citric acid seemed to be able to solubilize La 3+ (Figure 2B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

An exploratory study of recovery of rare-earth elements from monazite in mild conditions using statistical-mixture design

A.C.S.P

Giese

2021

Int. Res. J. multidiscip. Technovation

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Monazite is a phosphate mineral, considered an essential source of light rare-earth elements (REE). The present work sought to evaluate different methods of solubilization of REE through the use of different concentrations of inorganic acids (H2SO4, HCl, and HNO3) and organic acids (citric, oxalic, and lactic) in mild conditions at room temperature. According to the results, the inorganic acid solutions favored the solubilization in order of Ce3+, La3+, Nd3+, Pr3+, and Sm3+ elements, while organic acid solutions only favored the solubilization of Ce3+ and La3+. Nitric acid was the more efficient leaching agent for the first group. In the case of organic acids, lactic acid solubilized Ce3+, while mixtures of lactic and citric acids appeared to solubilize La3+.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

An exploratory study of recovery of rare-earth elements from monazite in mild conditions using statistical-mixture design

A.C.S.P

Giese

2021

Int. Res. J. multidiscip. Technovation

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“…Conventionally, concentrated sodium hydroxide or sulfuric acid is employed to extract REEs from monazite, resulting in the production of toxic waste [38,39]. Organic acids are able to selectively release REEs from monazite, including oxalic acid, citric acid and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), but they have a lower recovery rate than inorganic acids [40,41]. To date, microorganisms that have been utilized to release REEs from monazite involve Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Paecilomyces sp., Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Enterobacter aerogenes, and so on.…”

Section: Monazite Orementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioleaching of Rare Earth Elements: Perspectives from Mineral Characteristics and Microbial Species

Shi,

Pan,

Dong

et al. 2023

Minerals

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Bioleaching exhibits high potential for the processing of low-grade complex mineral resources. With the development of the economy and an increase in demand, rare earth elements (REEs) in secondary resources, such as phosphogypsum, red mud and coal-related resources, are gaining more and more attention. In this review, the bioleaching performance of diverse microorganisms is summarized and compared for primary (mainly monazite) and secondary REE resources, based on publications from the past decade. The mineral characteristics of these REE resources are different, as they can be found in phosphate, sulfate, or silicate forms. Correspondingly, microbial species suitable for use in bioleaching differ. The most efficient bioleaching microbe for monazite is Paecilomyces sp., while Acidianus manzaensis is effective in processing red mud. Acidophilic sulfur oxidizers are suitable for processing acidic phosphogypsum. Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans could recover a significant amount of REEs from coal fly ash. In particular, monazite has a high REE content but extremely low bioleaching efficiency compared to that of secondary resources, supporting the understanding that bioleaching approaches are more competitive for minerals with low REE contents. Overall, great progress has been made over the last decade, as considerable REE recovery rates have been achieved, and the main metabolites of microbes were identified. However, numerous challenges still exist. Future efforts should focus on improving biorecovery efficiency, reducing the cost of cell-culture media, and exploring the interaction mechanism between cells and minerals, with an emphasis on mineralogical phase transformations and the molecular regulation mechanisms inside cells during the bioleaching process.

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“…25,26 After the extraction step, REEs can be further recovered, concentrated, and separated from the acidic solutions using various conventional separation processes. [27][28][29][30][31] In order to minimize environmental impacts during REE extraction from waste sources, research has been directed to the utilization of organic acids 32,33 or biological methods, [34][35][36][37] and some studies have shown REE extraction efficiency comparable to mineral acids. For example, Biolixiviant, consisting of spent medium containing organic acids from the growth of the bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans on glucose, was more efficient than gluconic acid and H3PO4 in REE extraction from synthetic REE-doped phosphogypsum.…”

Section: Ree Recovery From Waste Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Mesoporous Carbon and Silica for Effective Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Magnet Scrap

2022

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Introduction and Objectives:The dependence on international supplies of rare earth elements (REEs) has prompted the US to explore alternative sources and sustainable technologies for domestic REE production. One potential source is the secondary electronic and industrial wastes across the US. These hazardous wastes require high costs for the maintenance and remediation, while their high-REE contents offer unique opportunities for REE recovery. However, current hydrometallurgical technologies for REE extraction are energy intensive and costly, with low REE recovery efficiency and the generation of hazardous secondary wastes. Thus, it is beneficial to develop environmentally friendly technologies for REE extraction from the secondary wastes. This project aims to develop novel functionalized mesoporous carbon fiber (MCF) and silica materials for effective recovery of REEs from NdFeB magnet scrap.Technical Approach: Novel MCF and silica materials were synthesized, functionalized with selected organic ligands, and characterized. The functional MCF and silica materials were evaluated using batch experiments for the effectiveness of Nd, Pr, and Dy recovery from acidic citrate extraction simulants and real NdFeB powder extraction solutions. The MCF and mesoporous silica after REE adsorption were evaluated for the regeneration, reuse and REE harvest. Molecular-level interactions and binding mechanisms between Nd and MCF surface functional ligands were investigated using Nd L3-edge and C, N and O K-edge synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy, which will facilitate the design of more robust mesoporous materials.Results: Biodegradable organic ligands (e.g., citrate) can assist the extraction of Nd and Pr from NdFeB powder at pH 2-3 and significantly reduce mineral acid use and secondary high acidity waste generation. MCF synthesized using PMMA-b-PAN block copolymer template was effective at Nd adsorption from deionized (DI) water and 50 mM citrate leachate simulant, with Nd binding with MCF as a corner-sharing mode. For real NdFeB extraction solution, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) functionalized MCF significantly improved Nd and Pr recovery rate as compared to non-functionalized MCF. Phosphonate (PP)-and polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica (MMS) exhibited Nd adsorption capacities of 15 mg/g from 50 mM citrate solutions (pH 2.5). The functionalized MMS materials remained effective after four adsorption-desorption cycles. The MMS-PP and MMS-PEI materials show significantly improved Nd, Pr and Dy recovery efficiency from real NdFeB extraction solutions.Benefits: The new functional MCF and silica platform technology (Figure 1) would bring the following technical benefits: 1) improved selectivity and extraction efficiency for REEs, 2) improved stability, and reusability of sorbent materials in acidic media, 3) reduced processing steps and costs for REE recovery, 4) reduced production of hazardous wastes and risks to human health and environment, 5) high scalability and robustness of th...

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Treatment of monazite by organic acids II: Rare earth dissolution and recovery

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

An exploratory study of recovery of rare-earth elements from monazite in mild conditions using statistical-mixture design

An exploratory study of recovery of rare-earth elements from monazite in mild conditions using statistical-mixture design

Bioleaching of Rare Earth Elements: Perspectives from Mineral Characteristics and Microbial Species

Functionalized Mesoporous Carbon and Silica for Effective Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Magnet Scrap

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