Treatment of micro air bubbles in rat adipose tissue at 25 kPa altitude exposures with perfluorocarbon emulsions and nitric oxide

Randsoe, Thomas; Hyldegaard, Ole

doi:10.1007/s00421-013-2749-x

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…Thus, from a theoretical point of view, PFC fulfil many criteria for the ideal non-recompressive therapy in DCI, but this promise was never kept in clinical practice. Although for many years, intravenously administered PFC emulsions have been demonstrated to be effective in rodents and swine models of DCI (Dromsky et al 2004; Randsoe and Hyldegaard 2014; Dainer et al 2007; Lynch et al 1989; Lutz and Herrmann 1984; Spiess et al 1988), until today, no PFC preparation is accepted for human use by western federal authorities, e.g. the US Food and Drug Administration (Ortiz et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorocarbons for the treatment of decompression illness: how to bridge the gap between theory and practice

Mayer

Ferenz

2019

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Decompression illness (DCI) is a complex clinical syndrome caused by supersaturation of respiratory gases in blood and tissues after abrupt reduction in ambient pressure. The resulting formation of gas bubbles combined with pulmonary barotrauma leads to venous and arterial gas embolism. Severity of DCI depends on the degree of direct tissue damage caused by growing bubbles or indirect cell injury by impaired oxygen transport, coagulopathy, endothelial dysfunction, and subsequent inflammatory processes. The standard therapy of DCI requires expensive and not ubiquitously accessible hyperbaric chambers, so there is an ongoing search for alternatives. In theory, perfluorocarbons (PFC) are ideal non-recompressive therapeutics, characterized by high solubility of gases. A dual mechanism allows capturing of excess nitrogen and delivery of additional oxygen. Since the 1980s, numerous animal studies have proven significant benefits concerning survival and reduction in DCI symptoms by intravenous application of emulsion-based PFC preparations. However, limited shelf-life, extended organ retention and severe side effects have prevented approval for human usage by regulatory authorities. These negative characteristics are mainly due to emulsifiers, which provide compatibility of PFC to the aqueous medium blood. The encapsulation of PFC with amphiphilic biopolymers, such as albumin, offers a new option to achieve the required biocompatibility avoiding toxic emulsifiers. Recent studies with PFC nanocapsules, which can also be used as artificial oxygen carriers, show promising results. This review summarizes the current state of research concerning DCI pathology and the therapeutic use of PFC including the new generation of non-emulsified formulations based on nanocapsules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorocarbons for the treatment of decompression illness: how to bridge the gap between theory and practice

Mayer

Ferenz

2019

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Treatment of micro air bubbles in rat adipose tissue at 25 kPa altitude exposures with perfluorocarbon emulsions and nitric oxide

Abstract: During extreme altitude exposures, the contribution of metabolic gases to bubble growth compromises the therapeutic effects of PFC and NO, but PFC and NO do not induce additional bubble growth.

Cited by 1 publication

References 24 publications

Perfluorocarbons for the treatment of decompression illness: how to bridge the gap between theory and practice

Perfluorocarbons for the treatment of decompression illness: how to bridge the gap between theory and practice

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