Treatment of mastitis during lactation

Pyörälä, Satu

doi:10.1186/2046-0481-62-s4-s40

Cited by 98 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Similarly, the observation that in vitro activities of antimicrobials do not always correlate with their efficacy inside the mammary gland has been reported previously by several groups (Apparao et al 2009; Demon et al 2013; Demon et al 2012; Pyorala 2009). Multiple factors influenced by the complex environment inside a mammary gland, such as altered growth characteristics of the pathogens, interaction of bacteria and host immune cells, and pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug, are known to affect the efficacy of antimicrobials administered intramammarily (Demon et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Synergistic streptococcal phage λSA2 and B30 endolysins kill streptococci in cow milk and in a mouse model of mastitis

Schmelcher

Powell

Camp

et al. 2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Bovine mastitis results in billion dollar losses annually in the United States alone. Streptococci are among the most relevant causative agents of this disease. Conventional antibiotic therapy is often unsuccessful and contributes to development of antibiotic resistance. Bacteriophage endolysins represent a new class of antimicrobials against these bacteria. In this work, we characterized the endolysins (lysins) of the streptococcal phages λSA2 and B30 and evaluated their potential as anti-mastitis agents. When tested in vitro against live streptococci, both enzymes exhibited near-optimum lytic activities at ionic strengths, pH, and Ca2+ concentrations consistent with cow milk. When tested in combination in a checkerboard assay, the lysins were found to exhibit strong synergy. The λSA2 lysin displayed high activity in milk against Streptococcus dysgalactiae (reduction of CFU/ml by 3.5 log units at 100 μg/ml), Streptococcus agalactiae (2 log), and Streptococcus uberis (4 log), whereas the B30 lysin was less effective. In a mouse model of bovine mastitis, both enzymes significantly reduced intramammary concentrations of all three streptococcal species (except for B30 vs. S. dysgalactiae), and the effects on mammary gland wet weights and TNFα concentrations were consistent with these findings. Unexpectedly, the synergistic effect determined for the two enzymes in vitro was not observed in the mouse model. Overall, our results illustrate the potential of endolysins for treatment of Streptococcus-induced bovine mastitis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Synergistic streptococcal phage λSA2 and B30 endolysins kill streptococci in cow milk and in a mouse model of mastitis

Schmelcher

Powell

Camp

et al. 2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Although used for treatment of human diseases, the antibiotics selected for this study have also been used in animal farming. For example, gentamycin (GM) (Pyörälä 2009) and CFX, AP and TM (Thomson et al 2008) have been used for the treatment of mastitis in lactating cows. Although the animals are mostly in enclosures, these structures are usually situated at close proximity to the river (∼20 m from the river bank).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Antibiotic-resistant E Coli In Water and Sedimentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Escherichia coli in river bed sediments of the Apies River, South Africa

Abia

Ubomba-Jaswa

Momba

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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This study aimed at investigating the presence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in river bed sediments of the Apies River, Gauteng, South Africa, in order to better inform health management decisions designed to protect users of the river. Overall, 180 water and sediment samples were collected at 10 sites along the Apies River from January to February 2014. E. coli was enumerated using the Colilert® 18/Quanti-Tray® 2000 (IDEXX). Isolates were purified by streaking on eosin methylene blue agar followed by the indole test. Pure E. coli isolates were tested for resistance to nine antibiotics by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Over 98% of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. The highest resistance was observed against nitrofurantoin (sediments) and ampicillin (water). Over 80% of all resistant isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance (resistance to ≥3 antibiotics). The abundance of E. coli in the sediments not only adds to the evidence that sediments are a reservoir for bacteria and possibly other pathogens including antibiotic-resistant bacteria but also suggests that antibiotic-resistant genes could be transferred to pathogens due to the high prevalence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) strains of E. coli observed in the sediment. Using untreated water from the Apies River following resuspension for drinking and other household purposes could pose serious health risks for users. Our results suggest that river bed sediments could serve as reservoirs for MAR bacteria including pathogens under different climatic conditions and their analysis could provide information of public health concerns.

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“…Así, por ejemplo, Faría et al La susceptibilidad antimicrobiana determinada in vitro ha sido considerada como un requisito previo para el tratamiento. Sin embargo, la actividad in vitro no garantiza la eficacia in vivo durante el tratamiento de la mastitis bovina (Pyörälä, 2009). La resistencia bacteriana trae como consecuencia la disminución en la respuesta al tratamiento, en caso de mastitis clínica, y la transmisión de bacterias resistentes a los consumidores a través de la cadena alimentaria, más aún cuando se consumen productos elaborados a partir de leche cruda (Tikofsky et al, 2003).…”

Section: Gram Positivasunclassified

Frecuencia y Susceptibilidad Antimicrobiana de Bacterias Causantes de Mastitis en Bovinos de un Establo de Trujillo, Perú

Pérez

Ganoza

2017

Rev. investig. vet. Perú

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Se determinó la frecuencia y susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de bacterias causantes de mastitis en bovinos de un establo del distrito de Conache, Trujillo, Perú, entre septiembre y diciembre de 2015. Se recolectaron muestras de leche de 140 cuartos individuales de 35 vacas que se les hizo el control de mastitis mediante observación directa y taza de fondo negro. Para el análisis microbiológico se sembraron las muestras en agar sangre y agar Mac Conkey y se incubaron a 37 °C por 24 h. Para determinar las bacterias gram positivas se realizaron pruebas de catalasa, coagulasa, fermentación de manitol y hemólisis; y para las gram negativas se realizaron pruebas de agar-hierro-triple azúcar (TSI), agar lisina-hierro (LIA), citrato de Simmons, ureasa, formación de indol, rojo metilo, Voges Proskauer y caldo glutamato. La susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se determinó mediante el método de Kirby-Bauer con discos de ampicilina, clindamicina, doxiciclina, eritromicina, estreptomicina, gentamicina, oxacilina y rifampicina. Se detectaron 31 vacas con mastitis bacteriana, donde el 76% presentó bacterias gram negativas y 24% gram positivas. Las bacterias gram negativas más frecuentes fueron E. coli (28%) y Klebsiella sp. (24%), y la bacteria gram positiva más frecuente fue Staphylococcus aureus (16%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa fue resistente a la mayoría de antibióticos, excepto a la eritromicina (susceptibilidad intermedia). E. coli presentó susceptibilidad intermedia a la eritromicina y resistencia a la oxacilina y rifampicina. Staphylococvcus aureus presentó susceptibilidad intermedia a la clindamicina y eritromicina y resistencia a la ampicilina.

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Treatment of mastitis during lactation

Cited by 98 publications

References 50 publications

Synergistic streptococcal phage λSA2 and B30 endolysins kill streptococci in cow milk and in a mouse model of mastitis

Synergistic streptococcal phage λSA2 and B30 endolysins kill streptococci in cow milk and in a mouse model of mastitis

High prevalence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Escherichia coli in river bed sediments of the Apies River, South Africa

Frecuencia y Susceptibilidad Antimicrobiana de Bacterias Causantes de Mastitis en Bovinos de un Establo de Trujillo, Perú

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