Treatment of Malaria tropica with a Fixed Combination of Rifampicin, Co-Trimoxazole and Isoniazid: A Clinical Study

Goerg, H.; Ochola, Samuel; Goerg, R

doi:10.1159/000007167

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A putative prokaryote-like RNA polymerase in P. falciparum has been suggested as one possible target of rifampin (10). A fixed combination of rifampin, co-trimoxazole, and isoniazid was found to be highly effective for the treatment of malaria (9,15). Rifampin was found to be more active after prolonged exposure, in contrast to the results of Divo et al (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

In Vitro Activities of Antibiotics against Plasmodium falciparum Are Inhibited by Iron

Pradines

Rogier

Fusaı̈

et al. 2001

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

106

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The in vitro activities of cyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, and rolitetracycline), macrolides (erythromycin, spiramycin, roxithromycin, and lincomycin), quinolones (norfloxacin and ofloxacin), rifampin, thiamphenicol, tobramycin, metronidazole, vancomycin, phosphomycin, and cephalosporins (cephalexin, cefaclor, cefamandole, cefuroxime, ceftriazone, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin) were evaluated on Plasmodium falciparum clones, using an isotopic, micro-drug susceptibility test. Only tetracyclines, macrolides, quinolones, and rifampin demonstrated in vitro activity against P. falciparum, which increased after a prolonged exposure (96 or 144 h). In the presence of iron (FeCl 3 ), only the activities of tetracyclines and norfloxacin were decreased. Their in vitro activity against intraerythrocytic stages of multidrug-resistant P. falciparum and their efficacy in vivo favor the use of antibiotics as antimalarial drugs. However, due to their slow antimalarial action and to the fact that they act better after prolonged contact, they probably need to be administered in conjunction with a rapidly acting antimalarial drug, such as a short course of chloroquine or quinine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

In Vitro Activities of Antibiotics against Plasmodium falciparum Are Inhibited by Iron

Pradines

Rogier

Fusaı̈

et al. 2001

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

106

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“…[343] A fixed combination of rifampicin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim (64), and isoniazid (Cotrifazid) was effective in the treatment of malaria tropica. [344] In this combination, isoniazid has no antimalarial activity, but was shown to protect mice from endotoxin lethality. [345] In another clinical trial, rifampicin was added to a quinine (1) regime.…”

Section: Rifampicinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Chemotherapeutics Part I: History of Antimalarial Drug Development, Currently Used Therapeutics, and Drugs in Clinical Development

2007

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Since ancient times, humankind has had to struggle against the persistent onslaught of pathogenic microorganisms. Nowadays, malaria is still the most important infectious disease worldwide. Considerable success in gaining control over malaria was achieved in the 1950s and 60s through landscaping measures, vector control with the insecticide DDT, and the widespread administration of chloroquine, the most important antimalarial agent ever. In the late 1960s, the final victory over malaria was believed to be within reach. However, the parasites could not be eradicated because they developed resistance against the most widely used and affordable drugs of that time. Today, cases of malaria infections are on the rise and have reached record numbers. This review gives a short description of the malaria disease, briefly addresses the history of antimalarial drug development, and focuses on drugs currently available for malaria therapy. The present knowledge regarding their mode of action and the mechanisms of resistance are explained, as are the attempts made by numerous research groups to overcome the resistance problem within classes of existing drugs and in some novel classes. Finally, this review covers all classes of antimalarials for which at least one drug candidate is in clinical development. Antimalarial agents that are solely in early development stages will be addressed in a separate review.

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“…Clinically, rifampicin alone displayed insufficient activity against vivax malaria [106]. A fixed combination of rifampicin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and isoniazid (Cotrifazid ® ), normally used to treat tuberculosis, was reported to be effective in the treatment of falciparum malaria [107]. A later trial recruiting more patients was unable to confirm these earlier results, but found significant higher parasitological failure rates for Cotrifazid ® (9%) than for mefloquine (0%) or quinine/sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (3%) [108].…”

Section: Rifampicinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics in Malaria Therapy and their Effect on the Parasite Apicoplast

Pradel¹,

Schlitzer

2010

CMM

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The impact of selected antibiotics on combating malaria infections was discovered in the mid of last century. Only recently, studies on their modes of action in malaria parasites have been initiated, prompted by the discovery of a prokaryotic organelle, the apicoplast. This plastid-derived structure, which originates from a secondary endosymbiotic event, possesses important metabolic as well as housekeeping functions, including fatty acid and heme biosynthesis. Due to its indispensability for parasite survival it represents a promising target for the use of antibiotics in malaria therapy. Most antibiotics cause a delayed death phenotype, which manifests in the late onset of antimalarial activity during the second replication cycle of the pathogen. This review will describe the effect of classical antibacterial agents against malaria parasites and the use of some of these compounds in clinical settings. Firstly we discuss the current knowledge about the physiological and morphological effects of antibiotics on the parasite and the apicoplast in particular, with special focus on the delayed death effect. Secondly antimalarial antibiotics are specified and their effects in vitro are compared with available in vivo data and clinical studies. Major precautions and side effects are described.

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Treatment of Malaria tropica with a Fixed Combination of Rifampicin, Co-Trimoxazole and Isoniazid: A Clinical Study

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

In Vitro Activities of Antibiotics against Plasmodium falciparum Are Inhibited by Iron

In Vitro Activities of Antibiotics against Plasmodium falciparum Are Inhibited by Iron

Malaria Chemotherapeutics Part I: History of Antimalarial Drug Development, Currently Used Therapeutics, and Drugs in Clinical Development

Antibiotics in Malaria Therapy and their Effect on the Parasite Apicoplast

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