Treatment of Madura foot: a systematic review

Salim, Amos Omondi; Mwita, Clifford; Gwer, Samson

doi:10.11124/jbisrir-2017-003433

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Mycetoma, a chronic [ 1 ] infection of the skin and underlying structures [ 2 ], leads to significant disability [ 3 ] and mortality [ 4 ]. It can be caused by any one of several fungi (eumycetoma) [ 5 ] or bacteria (actinomycetoma) [ 6 ], some more common than others ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global distribution of actinomycetoma and eumycetoma

Emery

Denning

2020

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Mycetoma, a chronic infection of the skin and underlying structures, affects those with a close relationship to the land, often in resource-poor areas of the world. Whether caused by any one of a variety of fungus or bacteria, mycetoma causes significant disability and mortality. Acknowledged as a neglected tropical disease (NTD) by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016, mycetoma is susceptible to being misunderstood, misdiagnosed, and mismanaged. In an effort to shift the balance in favor of recognition and effective treatment, sound epidemiological understanding is required. Methods and findings In this paper, a literature review of case reports and series (332 papers in total) is presented as three maps. We identified 19,494 cases dating from 1876 to 2019, with cases contracted in 102 countries. The first map shows where mycetoma has ever been reported, the second shows how many cases have been reported, and the third shows the ratio of eumycetoma (fungal) to actinomycetoma (bacterial). Most cases are found in Mexico, India, and Sudan, where mycetoma is studied rigorously. We identified emergence of new geographical loci, including the United States, Venezuela, Italy, China, and Australia. Notably, mycetoma is reported far outside the tropics. In the Americas, bacterial forms dominate, whereas, in Africa and Asia, the picture is more varied. Conclusions With better understanding of the epidemiology of mycetoma, more can be done to direct education, preventive measures, and treatment to at-risk areas, enabling a reduction in disease burden.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global distribution of actinomycetoma and eumycetoma

Emery

Denning

2020

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…4,12,13,16,17 Mycetoma is caused by ubiquitous fungi (eumycetoma) or filamentous bacteria (actinomycetoma), found in soil and plants of endemic countries, with more than 50 species identified. 2,3,12,14,15 It is most frequently caused by Nocardia, Streptomyces, and Actinomadura. 2,4,11,17 The disease evolves within weeks to years after skin trauma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinomycetoma by Cellulosimicrobium cellulans in a Young Man from Guinea-Bissau: Short Literature Review Regarding a Case Report

et al. 2023

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Mycetoma is caused by the subcutaneous inoculation of filamentous fungi or aerobic filamentous bacteria. Cellulosimicrobium cellulans is a gram-positive bacterium from the order Actinomycetales that rarely causes human disease. The diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation and identification of the causative microorganism. We present a short literature review regarding the case report of a young man diagnosed with actinomycetoma due to Cellulosimicrobium cellulans and who received treatment with an association of amikacin and sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (Welsh regimen).

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“…Highlighting the need for more actinomycetoma treatment and prognosis information, a systematic review of reports of mycetoma treatment between 1950 and 2016 revealed only 21 actinomycetoma cases with assessable outcomes (cure, recurrence, or mortality) [17]. Nevertheless, the systematic review did not include important Sudanese, Indian, Senegalese, and Mexican case series previously published and synthesized by Zijilstra et al in 2016 [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics and treatment of actinomycetoma in northeast Mexico: A case series

et al. 2020

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Background Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease characterized by nodules, scars, abscesses, and fistulae that drain serous or purulent material containing the etiological agent. Mycetoma may be caused by true fungi (eumycetoma) or filamentous aerobic bacteria (actinomycetoma). Mycetoma is more frequent in the so-called mycetoma belt (latitude 15˚south and 30˚north around the Tropic of Cancer), especially in Sudan, Nigeria, Somalia, India, Mexico, and Venezuela. The introduction of new antibiotics with fewer side effects, broader susceptibility profiles, and different administration routes has made information on actinomycetoma treatment and outcomes necessary. The objective of this report was to provide an update on clinical, therapeutic, and outcome data for patients with actinomycetoma attending a reference center in northeast Mexico. Methodology/principal findings This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study of 31 patients (male to female ratio 3.4:1) diagnosed with actinomycetoma by direct grain examination, histopathology, culture, or serology from January 2009 to September 2018. Most lesions were caused by Nocardia brasiliensis (83.9%) followed by Actinomadura madurae (12.9%) and Actinomadura pelletieri (3.2%). About 50% of patients had bone involvement, and the right leg was the most commonly affected region in 38.7% of cases. Farmers/agriculture workers were most commonly affected, representing 41.9% of patients. The most commonly used treatment regimen was the Welsh regimen (35.5% of cases), a combination of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) plus amikacin, which had a 90% cure rate, followed by TMP/SMX plus amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in 19.4% of cases with a cure rate of 100%. In our setting, 28 (90.3%) patients were completely cured and three (9.7%) were lost to followup. Four patients required multiple antibiotic regimens due to recurrences and adverse effects.

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Treatment of Madura foot: a systematic review

Abstract: Therapy for Madura foot is informed by case series and case reports which provide low level evidence for practice. Antimicrobials in conjunction with surgery lead to resolution of disease.

Cited by 12 publications

References 64 publications

The global distribution of actinomycetoma and eumycetoma

The global distribution of actinomycetoma and eumycetoma

Actinomycetoma by Cellulosimicrobium cellulans in a Young Man from Guinea-Bissau: Short Literature Review Regarding a Case Report

Clinical characteristics and treatment of actinomycetoma in northeast Mexico: A case series

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