Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease via green tea polyphenols: possible application and protective approaches

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collection of inflammatory conditions of colon and small intestine which affect millions of individuals worldwide and the prevalence amount is on the rise. The organ failure as well as loss of tissue function is because of the inflammatory reaction which is the major contributor of tissue healing leading to lifelong debilitation. To stop the tough consequences of inflammation every patient pursues alternative therapy to relieve symptoms. Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) play significant roles in down regulating signaling pathways because GTPs exert effective antioxidant properties and regulate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression via certain receptor, inhibited endotoxin-mediated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production by blocking transcription nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) activation and upstream of mediated I kappa B kinase complex pathway activities, as well as intrusion with the flow of cytokines and synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This article highlights the green approach regarding the defensive effects of GTP review-related studies concerning the contrary effects and the key therapeutic targets application of GTPs in biomedical field to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its complications. .

Interactions of tea polyphenols with intestinal microbiota and their implication for cellular signal conditioning mechanism

“…In a mouse model research, GTP’s interactive chemo‐preventive result is directed with sulindac against intermediate and late steps of colon cancer, which result in straight outcomes for β‐catenin/Tcf signaling pathway (Orner et al, ). Besides, GTP can prevent the stimulation of downstream signaling pathways, which were important to the onset of CRC (Rahman et al, ). Stimulation of apoptosis in colon cancer cells has also been found through the TGF‐beta superfamily protein.…”

“…Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was considered as a persistent idiopathic inflammatory disturbance with extra and intestinal indications. Two dominant kinds of Crohn’s disease (CD) showed in large or minor intestine but ulcerative colitis (UC) was restricted to the colon (Rahman et al, ). It is considerable that some microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria have been involved in IBD pathogenesis (Frolkis et al, ).…”

Effectiveness of concomitant use of green tea and polyethylene glycol in bowel preparation for colonoscopy: a randomized controlled study

“…This probably due to its preventing of the digestive tract from inflammation. Hamid, Rahman SU [26,27] etc. also reported similar results that green tea could inhibit diarrhea and vomit in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) related or radiological injuries.…”

Tea polyphenols attenuate liver inflammation by modulating obesity-related genes and down-regulating COX-2 and iNOS expression in high fat-fed dogs

“…Green tea and its major polyphenolic components (EGCG (−) epigallocatechin gallate; EGC (−) epigallocatechin; ECG (−)-epicatechin gallate; EC (−)-epicatechin) catechins (Fig. 1 ) possess many potential health benefits including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, and cardio-protective effects [ 16 – 19 ]. Many studies highlight the beneficial effects of TPs on increasing energy expenditure and decreasing fat mass, as well as helping in weight maintenance after weight control programs [ 20 ].…”