Treatment of Idiopathic Cutaneous Hyperchromia of the Orbital Region (ICHOR) with Intense Pulsed Light

Periorbital Hyperpigmentation in Asians: An Epidemiologic Study and a Proposed Classification

“…Other treatments that have been reported to have treated POH successfully in the recent literature include IPL, 12 Q-switched ruby laser, 13 autologous fat transplantation, 14 and a combination of fat grafting and blepharoplasties, 15 but responses to these treatments probably depend on the type of POH encountered. As with any other cause of hyperpigmentation, ultraviolet radiation aggravates POH, so the use of broad-spectrum sunscreens should be advocated regardless of the type of POH.…”

Chemical peeling with trichloroacetic acid and lactic acid for infraorbital dark circles

“…DC interfere with the face appearance, giving the patient a tired, sad, or hung‐over look . Hyperchromia of the orbital region can be subdivided into primary or idiopathic and secondary type which is associated with systemic or local diseases of a known cause . DC are caused by multiple etiologic factors that include dermal melanin deposition (nevus of Ota), familiar or ethnic tendency, specific anatomic formalities, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation secondary to atopic or allergic contact dermatitis, periorbital edema, superficial location of vasculature and shadowing due to skin laxity, tear trough depression, medications, systemic diseases, fatigue, smoking, excessive sun exposure, etc .…”

Classification and characteristics of periorbital hyperpigmentation

“…It must be emphasized that identification of each etiologic factors of POH and classify them accordingly is one crucial step to develop a new and effective treatment . Etiologically, POH can be generally divided into primary or idiopathic type and secondary type, which is related to systemic or local diseases of known causes and even drugs. Secondary POH is caused by multiple external and intrinsic factors.…”