Treatment of Hypertensive Vascular Disease with Rice Diet

Kempner, Walter

doi:10.1001/archinte.1974.00320170040005

Cited by 56 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Mental and bodily rest is advised to an extent which largely terminates usefulness in life, and many conservative practitioners refrain from any serious attempt to reduce the pressure, and devote themselves to keeping the patient as comfortable as possible, with resignation as to the results.” 1 Dietary salt restriction for treatment of kidney disease and hypertension received a boost in popularity in the 1940’s with Dr. Kempner’s rice and fruit diet that recommended 0.25–0.4 g of sodium per day. 2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Salt on Regulation of TGF-β in the Kidney

Hovater

Sanders

2012

Seminars in Nephrology

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Dietary sodium chloride (salt) has long been considered injurious to the kidney by promoting the development of glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Endothelial cells throughout the vasculature and glomeruli respond to increased dietary salt intake with increased production of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and nitric oxide (NO). High-salt intake activates large conductance, voltage- and calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa) channels in endothelial cells. Activation of BKCa channels promotes signaling through proline-rich tyrosine kinase-2 (Pyk2), c-Src, Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways that lead to endothelial production of TGF-β and NO. TGF-β signaling is broadly accepted as a strong stimulator of renal fibrosis. The classic description of TGF-β signaling pathology in renal disease involves signaling through Smad proteins resulting in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and fibrosis. Active TGF-β1 also causes fibrosis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis. By enhancing TGF-β signaling, increased dietary salt intake leads to progressive renal failure from nephron loss and glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Salt on Regulation of TGF-β in the Kidney

Hovater

Sanders

2012

Seminars in Nephrology

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“…A low-sodium diet has been recommended as a means to prevent vascular disease for over 60 years [5]. Our interest in the relation of sodium intake to cardiovascular outcomes derived from research, in collaboration with Laragh, into the relation of the renin -angiotensin system to strokes and heart attacks in persons with hypertension [6].…”

Section: Consequences Of Low or Reduced Sodium Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease

Cohen

Alderman²

2007

Current Opinion in Cardiology

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“…“Then I went over his neck and chest and I was … appalled at what I was finding—[evidence of] congestive heart failure.” 9 The president had pulmonary edema and an enlarged heart on chest x‐ray, electrocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy, and protein‐uria on urinalysis 6 . That year, Kempner had reported the BP‐lowering effects of a strict, low‐salt rice diet consisting of rice boiled in distilled water and fruit juices 10 ; so, in addition to reducing Roosevelt's alcohol and cigarette use and limiting his workday to 4 hours to allow for bedrest, Bruenn initiated digitalis therapy and tried a low‐salt diet, with some improvement in heart failure symptoms. While there were some BP‐lowering medications available, all of them had potentially severe side effects.…”

Section: Hypertension In the 1940smentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Perspectives on the Management of Hypertension

Moser

2006

J of Clinical Hypertension

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As late as the 1950s, elevated blood pressure was considered by many expert physicians to be necessary for the adequate perfusion of vital organs. Although the morbidity and mortality risks of hypertension were known at that time to insurance companies, which often refused life insurance policies to people with high blood pressure, there was a lag in the recognition of the dangers of hypertension in the medical community. Following the pioneering efforts of researchers who began to treat patients with malignant hypertension, the results of clinical trials and population studies, and the availability of effective antihypertensive agents, hypertension management improved rapidly. This review traces the history of hypertension management from the 1940s, when President Franklin Delano Roosevelt died of a cerebrovascular accident-a result of uncontrolled hypertension-to today, when a large number of patients, even those with less severe hypertension, are being treated successfully, with a resulting dramatic decrease in hypertension-related vascular disease.

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Treatment of Hypertensive Vascular Disease with Rice Diet

Cited by 56 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of Dietary Salt on Regulation of TGF-β in the Kidney

Effect of Dietary Salt on Regulation of TGF-β in the Kidney

Sodium, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease

Historical Perspectives on the Management of Hypertension

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