Treatment of Hypertension with Clonidine

Macdougall, A.I.; Addis, G. J.; Mackay, N.; Dymock, I. W.; Turpie, A. G. G.; Ballingall, D. L. K.; MacLennan, W. J.; Whiting, B.; Macarthur, J.

doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5720.440

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Presynaptic alpha-2 agonist clonidine which decreases the release of noradrenaline is an effective antihyper- tensive drug and is also effective against mania [ 88 - 90 ].…”

Section: Similarities and Differences Between Essential Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Mania the Hypertension of the Mood? Discussion of A Hypothesis

Rihmer

Gonda²,

Döme³

2017

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Beyond both being biphasic/bidirectional disorders (hypo)mania and essential hypertension share a surprising number of similarities and an overlap between their genetics, biological background, underlying personality and temperamental factors, precipitating factors, comorbidity and response to treatment, indicating a possibly partially shared biological background. Based on theoretical knowledge, similarities related to characteristics, manifestation and course, and the results of pharmacological studies related to the effects and side effects of pharmacotherapies used in the treatment of these two distinct disorders, the authors outline a hypothesis discussing the similar origins of these two phenomena and thus mania being the hypertension of mood in memory of Athanasios Koukopoulos, one of the greatest researchers and theoreticists of mania of all time.

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“…Presynaptic alpha-2 agonist clonidine which decreases the release of noradrenaline is an effective antihyper- tensive drug and is also effective against mania [ 88 - 90 ].…”

Section: Similarities and Differences Between Essential Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Mania the Hypertension of the Mood? Discussion of A Hypothesis

Rihmer

Gonda²,

Döme³

2017

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“…-adrenoceptor agonists has been observed (see 3.1.1.6, below). The sedative effect of clonidine in humans is well demonstrated in the laboratory [ 182 , 184 , 296 , 342 , 379 , 421 , 486 ], and it is a known drawback to the clinical use of this drug as an anti-hypertensive agent [ 45 , 261 ]. Other α 2 -adrenoceptor agonists, for example dexmedetomidine, have also been shown to have pronounced sleep-promoting effects [ 269 , 388 ], and this drug is used clinically as an anaesthetic.…”

Section: Pharmacological Alterations Of Locus Coeruleus Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…α 2 -Adrenoceptor agonists have robust hypotensive effects due to the summation of their direct sympatholytic effect resulting from simulation of presynaptic autoreceptors and augmentation of the noradrenergic inhibition of the RVLM resulting from activation of post-synaptic α 2 -adrenoceptors in this nucleus (see Table 1 ). The hypotensive effects of clonidine are well documented [ 15 , 45 , 126 , 183 , 185 , 261 , 296 , 342 , 379 , 421 , 486 ]. Furthermore, clonidine is marketed as an effective anti-hypertensive drug.…”

Section: Pharmacological Alterations Of Locus Coeruleus Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Neuroanatomy of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus: Its Roles in the Regulation of Arousal and Autonomic Function Part II: Physiological and Pharmacological Manipulations and Pathological Alterations of Locus Coeruleus Activity in Humans

Samuels

Szabadi²

2008

375

344

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The locus coeruleus (LC), the major noradrenergic nucleus of the brain, gives rise to fibres innervating most structures of the neuraxis. Recent advances in neuroscience have helped to unravel the neuronal circuitry controlling a number of physiological functions in which the LC plays a central role. Two such functions are the regulation of arousal and autonomic activity, which are inseparably linked largely via the involvement of the LC. Alterations in LC activity due to physiological or pharmacological manipulations or pathological processes can lead to distinct patterns of change in arousal and autonomic function. Physiological manipulations considered here include the presentation of noxious or anxiety-provoking stimuli and extremes in ambient temperature. The modification of LC-controlled functions by drug administration is discussed in detail, including drugs which directly modify the activity of LC neurones (e.g., via autoreceptors, storage, reuptake) or have an indirect effect through modulating excitatory or inhibitory inputs. The early vulnerability of the LC to the ageing process and to neurodegenerative disease (Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases) is of considerable clinical significance. In general, physiological manipulations and the administration of stimulant drugs, α2-adrenoceptor antagonists and noradrenaline uptake inhibitors increase LC activity and thus cause heightened arousal and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. In contrast, the administration of sedative drugs, including α2-adrenoceptor agonists, and pathological changes in LC function in neurodegenerative disorders and ageing reduce LC activity and result in sedation and activation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

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“…Clonidine is generally known as a treatment against hypertension (MacDougall et al, 1970). It has been used also to treat opiate and nicotine withdrawal-related symptoms and neuropathic pain (Martin and Eisenach, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Spinal α₂-Adrenoceptor and I₁-Imidazoline Receptor Activation on Hindlimb Movement Induction in Spinal Cord-Injured Mice

Lapointe

Ung²,

Rouleau³

et al. 2008

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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A partial recovery of locomotor functions has been shown in spinal cord-transected (Tx) cats after regular treadmill training and repeated administration of clonidine, an ␣ 2 -adrenoreceptor agonist. However, clonidine has generally failed to show prolocomotor effects in other models (e.g., rat or mudpuppy in vitro-isolated spinal cord preparations). The reasons for this discrepancy remain unclear, but they may suggest conditionor species-specific effects induced by clonidine. This study is aimed at examining both the acute (at 6 or 41 days post-Tx) and chronic effects of repeated (once a week for one month) clonidine administration (0.25-5.0 mg/kg i.p.) on hindlimb movement generation in Tx mice (thoracic segment9/10). Locomotor-like (LM) and nonlocomotor movements (NLM) were assessed both in open-field and treadmill conditions. The results show that clonidine consistently failed, in both conditions, to induce LM and NLM at all time points even though control experiments revealed hindlimb movements steadily induced by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), a serotonin receptor agonist. In turn, clonidine acutely suppressed (I 1 -imidazoline receptor-mediated) the frequency of spontaneously occurring LM and NLM but apparently increased spinal excitability over time, because the frequency of spontaneous LM and NLM was significantly greater in clonidine-treated (before an injection) than vehicle-treated animals after repeated administration for a few weeks. The results clearly show that clonidine can not acutely induce hindlimb movements in untrained and otherwise nonstimulated (e.g., no tail or perineal pinching) Tx mice, although repeated administration may progressively facilitate the expression of spontaneous hindlimb movements.

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Treatment of Hypertension with Clonidine

Cited by 31 publications

References 9 publications

Is Mania the Hypertension of the Mood? Discussion of A Hypothesis

Is Mania the Hypertension of the Mood? Discussion of A Hypothesis

Functional Neuroanatomy of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus: Its Roles in the Regulation of Arousal and Autonomic Function Part II: Physiological and Pharmacological Manipulations and Pathological Alterations of Locus Coeruleus Activity in Humans

Effects of Spinal α₂-Adrenoceptor and I₁-Imidazoline Receptor Activation on Hindlimb Movement Induction in Spinal Cord-Injured Mice

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Treatment of Hypertension with Clonidine

Cited by 31 publications

References 9 publications

Is Mania the Hypertension of the Mood? Discussion of A Hypothesis

Is Mania the Hypertension of the Mood? Discussion of A Hypothesis

Functional Neuroanatomy of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus: Its Roles in the Regulation of Arousal and Autonomic Function Part II: Physiological and Pharmacological Manipulations and Pathological Alterations of Locus Coeruleus Activity in Humans

Effects of Spinal α2-Adrenoceptor and I1-Imidazoline Receptor Activation on Hindlimb Movement Induction in Spinal Cord-Injured Mice

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Product

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Effects of Spinal α₂-Adrenoceptor and I₁-Imidazoline Receptor Activation on Hindlimb Movement Induction in Spinal Cord-Injured Mice