Treatment of household greywater laden with household chemical products in a multi-chambered anaerobic biofilm reactor

Khuntia, Himanshu Kumar; Chandrashekar, Sanjana; Chanakya, H. N.

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101783

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Four different anaerobic biofilm reactors (ABR1-ABR4, Fig. 1) with similar dimensions, biofilm support material, and a working volume of 10 L were fabricated, operated, and optimized as per earlier designs [10]. The top (TC) and middle (MC) chamber of ABR were filled with biofilm support medium namely coir fiber and PVC spiral and respectively.…”

Section: Anaerobic Biofilm Reactor (Abr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ABR2 and ABR4 were fed with standard substrate containing glucose (500 mg/L), micro, and macronutrients respectively. The detailed composition of synthetic GW and standard substrate have been described earlier [10]. The ABR1-ABR3 was operated at constant organic loading rates (OLR) of 550 mg/L•day, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h whereas, ABR4 was subjected to a periodic increase in OLR up to 3936 mg/L•day at HRT down to 4 h. ABR3 and ABR4 were equipped with effluent recycling to enhance the biodegradation rates.…”

Section: Anaerobic Biofilm Reactor (Abr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ABR1-ABR3 was operated at constant organic loading rates (OLR) of 550 mg/L•day, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h whereas, ABR4 was subjected to a periodic increase in OLR up to 3936 mg/L•day at HRT down to 4 h. ABR3 and ABR4 were equipped with effluent recycling to enhance the biodegradation rates. The rates of COD removal (mg/L•day) in each ABR are as follows; ABR1: 160; ABR2: 214; ABR3: 627; ABR4: 3540 [10].…”

Section: Anaerobic Biofilm Reactor (Abr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples were stored at − 20 °C until analysis. The extraction and purification of DNA, phylogenetic, and bioinformatics analysis and qPCR analysis of 16S rRNA were conducted as per the methods described earlier [10]. Briefly, DNA extraction and purification were performed with MO-BIO PowerSoil® DNA isolation kit and OneStep™ PCR Inhibitor Removal Kit (Zymo Research) respectively.…”

Section: Molecular Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation of antibiotic-resistant genes in anaerobic biofilm reactor fed with household chemical products

Khuntia¹,

Chanakya²

2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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This research aims to determine the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARG) in anaerobic biofilm reactors (ABR) fed with household chemical products (HCP) such as laundry detergents and handwash without any influx of antibiotics. The ABR comprised a three-chamber design with bottom sludge, a middle chamber containing fluidized PVC spiral, and a top chamber with packed coir fiber as a biofilm support medium, respectively. Four different ABRs were simultaneously operated for a prolonged period (200 day) and subjected to variations in physicochemical conditions. The ABRs fed with HCP exhibited solitary accumulation of log (4.4-7.5) ermC gene copies/g VS whereas, ARG was undetectable in glucose fed ABRs indicating that HCP exhibited antimicrobial activities synonyms to Erythromycin. Accumulation of Erythromycin-C (ermC) was relatively higher on the biofilm inhabiting PVC support medium and further accentuated by effluent recycling to log 7.5 ermC gene copies at a ratio of ermC/16S gene copies of 0.65. Physico-chemical factors such as substrate composition, biofilm support medium, and effluent recycling simultaneously elevated the concentration of ermC genes. The results indicated that HCP augments the accumulation of ARG in the microbiome, subsequently, increasing the risk in ARG transmission from sewage treatment plants to the ecology and humans.

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Section: Anaerobic Biofilm Reactor (Abr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anaerobic Biofilm Reactor (Abr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anaerobic Biofilm Reactor (Abr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation of antibiotic-resistant genes in anaerobic biofilm reactor fed with household chemical products

Khuntia¹,

Chanakya²

2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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“…It was found that costs heavily outweighed the benefits leaving a considerable gap for graywater reuse adoption to be economically viable. Khuntia, Chandrashekar, and Chanakya (2019) analyzed the use of a multi-chambered anaerobic biofilm reactor for the treatment of graywater containing recalcitrant household chemical products. It was found that the recycling of effluent significantly enhanced the rates of COD removal; however, the inefficiencies in the treatment of graywater were mainly attributed to the presence of household chemical products.…”

Section: Graywater Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed treatment systems

Sheehan

Martinez

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

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This section presents a review of the scientific literature published in 2019 on topics relating to distributed treatment systems. This review is divided into the following sections: constituent removal, treatment technologies, planning and treatment management, and other topics. © 2020 Water Environment Federation • Practitioner points • Highlights changes and innovation in removal techniques and technologies in water treatment. • Reviews management systems of distributed treatment systems. • Discusses point-of-use treatment systems.

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An assessment of technological development and applications of decentralized water reuse: A critical review and conceptual framework

et al. 2022

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Rapid development, urbanization, and population growth have contributed to water stress in many parts of the world. As freshwater sources are finite, it is essential to source for alternatives to ensure water security. Reclamation of non‐conventional water sources (i.e., rainwater and greywater) can be a viable alternative to alleviate water stress. In this work, various laboratory, pre‐commercialization scale, and commercialized products for rainwater harvesting and greywater treatment and reuse were reviewed. As a result, a conceptual framework is proposed to provide an overview on the applicability of technologies under various settings, which were mapped against the intended use of treated water and the potential for water supply expansion. This conceptual framework could aid decision makers in deciding on a suitable decentralized solution for water reclamation depending on limiting criteria. Decentralized systems of rainwater harvesting and greywater treatment for reuse are going to be crucial in reducing the dependence on the centralized water supply. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Planning Water Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness Science of Water > Water Quality

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Treatment of household greywater laden with household chemical products in a multi-chambered anaerobic biofilm reactor

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Accumulation of antibiotic-resistant genes in anaerobic biofilm reactor fed with household chemical products

Accumulation of antibiotic-resistant genes in anaerobic biofilm reactor fed with household chemical products

Distributed treatment systems

An assessment of technological development and applications of decentralized water reuse: A critical review and conceptual framework

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