Treatment of gray water using anaerobic biofilms created on synthetic and natural fibers

Chanakya, H. N.; Khuntia, Himanshu Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.psep.2012.12.004

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Being less polluted than blackwater and comprising around 70% of total sewage flow, greywater holds an immense potential for reuse (Hernández et al, 2007). Greywater separation at source, followed by low-cost treatment, e.g., septic tanks, roughing filters, constructed wetlands, etc., could be a sustainable solution to overcome existing challenges of water scarcity and to conserve limited freshwater sources around the world (Chanakya et al, 2013). Due to persisting drought conditions in Gulf countries, consumers are forced to use tap water for watering plants (in home gardens) and for other outdoor applications (Friedler and Lahav, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Consumer Perception Index for assessing greywater reuse potential in arid environments

Shafiquzzaman

Haider

AlSaleem

et al. 2018

WSA

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Arab countries are primarily situated in arid environments and face serious water scarcity challenges due to growing populations, urbanization, and climate change impacts. Reusing greywater, if adequately treated at the point of generation, poses less human health risk as compared to blackwater reuse. Consumers have several reasons for being unwilling to reuse greywater, including potential health risk, religious and cultural concerns, and feeling uncomfortable. There are several possible reuse applications of treated greywater, such as watering plants, floor cleaning, landscaping, toilet flushing, etc. Therefore, it is important to assess consumer perceptions about greywater reuse before its implementation in any region. In this research, a framework based on greywater reuse indicators (GWRI) was developed to assess consumer perceptions before and after introducing low-cost treatment (LCT). Later the framework was implemented for Muscat, Oman. A questionnaire survey was carried out with 110 households located in diverse socioeconomic settings to collect data about general demographics, existing water uses, water sources, greywater applications (after LCT), and in-house plumbing systems. Seven key GWRI were estimated and aggregated to develop an overall consumer perception index (CPI). The study results revealed that CPI improved significantly from ‘very low’ to ‘high’ after introducing LCT. However, governments should provide financial assistance to consumers for improving in-house plumbing systems, based on detailed investigations. The studyrevealed that the CPI can be applied across the globe and can save time and effort for municipal managers, engineers, and policy makers by providing information that will enable effective decision-making.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Consumer Perception Index for assessing greywater reuse potential in arid environments

Shafiquzzaman

Haider

AlSaleem

et al. 2018

WSA

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“…Properties such as fibrous structure, durability and macro porosity were already reported in luffa sponge [24,27]. Furthermore, wood chips and coconut husk fiber (coir) also reported denser [23] and faster [22] biofilm formation in the anaerobic treatment of greywater and denitrification of waste water respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Natural organic (lignocellulosic) materials can also be used as substitute for commercial mediums. These natural organic materials are readily available, environmentally friendly, inexpensive while having high porosity and durability [23,24]. Organic materials also presented high adsorption of bacterial cells in comparison to inorganic materials [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Natural Organic Materials as Biofilm Carriers for the Optimization of Anaerobic Digestion

Zainab

Meraj

Liaquat

2019

Waste Biomass Valor

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Increased Methane productivity and organic matter removal efficiency in anaerobic digestion can be achieved by retaining microbial consortia inside the reactors using biofilm carriers. In this study, the performance of anaerobic reactors was assessed using natural organic materials i.e. luffa sponge, coconut husk fiber and wood chips as biofilm carriers. Anaerobic batch mode bioreactors comprising of carrier materials for biofilms and control bioreactor were run in parallel at mesophilic temperature (35 °C). Methane content, biogas yield, pH, volatile solids, chemical oxygen demand, VFA/alkalinity ratio and total organic carbon was measured before and after the experiment. Scanning electron microscopy was used to identify the morphology of the methanogenic bacteria present in the biofilms. Maximum methane concentration and volatile solids removal efficiency was obtained from luffa sponge reactor i.e. 77.7% and 82.6% respectively. Furthermore, determination of biokinetic parameters lag phase (ʎ) and production rate (R m ) was also performed using three kinetic models i.e. Modified Gompertz Model, Logistics growth model and Transference function model. Among the kinetic models, logistics growth model and modified Gompertz model provided the best fit with the experimental data providing the R 2 of 0.989 and 0.975 respectively.

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“…The selection of filter media is based on their availability in local market. All type od media washed thoroughly with clean water to remove the impurities [20] reported that influent pH changed from 6.1 to 7.8 in the bark filters. This observed decline was due to release of organic acids from the bark and probably due to the production of hydrogen ions during nitrification.…”

Section: Filter Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Retention Time on Primary Media for Greywater Treatment

Nema¹,

Yadav²,

Christian³

2017

Water conserv. manag.

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Reuse of greywater is the one of the alternative to fulfil the water demand. This study was carried out the efficiency of filter media for greywater treatment. The main aim of present study to develop the primary filter by using locally available media (i.e. jute coir rope, rise husk, pine wood pieces and marble stone). Greywater was collected from the Girls Hostel at SVNIT on regular basis. Filter performance was examined by maintaining the physico-chemical such as turbidity, COD and total solids. Filters were run for different retention time (i.e. 2h, 4h, 6h., 8h., and 16h.) in which at 8h RT, gives maximum removal efficiency. Filters used as primary filter so greywater applied directly and obtained results shows that all media remove impurities significantly Rice husk media shows maximum turbidity removal (66-81%) for different retention time. Than turbidity removal showed by jute coir rope (63-79%) followed by marble chips (53-73%) and pine wood (52-73%). COD removal in treatment by marble chips bed (34-59%) slightly greater than coir jute rope (41-52%), pine wood (31-51%) and rice husk (22-55%). Total Solids maximum removed by pine wood (21-48%) for all retention time examined. Effect of retention time also was monitored for all filters among the all media filters 8h retention time showed maximum removal efficiency in terms of impurities analysed.

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Treatment of gray water using anaerobic biofilms created on synthetic and natural fibers

Cited by 31 publications

References 17 publications

Development of Consumer Perception Index for assessing greywater reuse potential in arid environments

Development of Consumer Perception Index for assessing greywater reuse potential in arid environments

Study on Natural Organic Materials as Biofilm Carriers for the Optimization of Anaerobic Digestion

Effect of Retention Time on Primary Media for Greywater Treatment

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